I. Development status of corrugated carton packaging at home and abroad
The corrugated box has the advantages of light weight, compression resistance, puncture resistance, tear resistance and cushioning, shockproof, easy processing and other mechanical properties, as well as good decoration and printing adaptability, recycling and environmental pollution, and economical. It is light and easy to stack. Therefore, its use range is getting wider and wider, and its development speed is getting more and more. At present, corrugated boxes have become a widely used packaging container in modern packaging, and it is also one of the important packaging forms adopted by countries all over the world. In China, the output value of packaging paper products accounts for 40% of the total output value of the packaging industry, and accounts for more than 45% in developed countries. The output value of corrugated boxes accounts for more than 60% of the total output value of paper packaging products.
Since corrugated board is an important paper packaging material, the world's corrugated board production has increased every year since 1995. In 1995, the output of corrugated board was 110.403 billion square meters, and the output in 2000 reached 125.285 billion square meters.
The output of corrugated board in all continents in the world in 2000 is as follows: North America ranks first, accounting for 34% of the world total; Asia is 39.037 billion square meters, accounting for 31.2% of the world; Europe is the third 34.173 billion square meters, accounting for 27.3% of the world; The fourth place in the Americas is 6.506 billion square meters, accounting for 5.2% of the world, the fifth place in Africa is 1.640 billion square meters, accounting for 1.3% of the world; the sixth in Oceania is 1.372 billion square meters, accounting for 1.1% of the world.
China's corrugated carton packaging started late, and it was only in 1954 that it began to promote the use of corrugated boxes, 40 years later than Japan, more than 60 years later than the United States. At the same time, the starting point of technology is low. At the beginning, the single machine in Japan in the 1930s was used. The process was connected by hand and there was no running water.
Since the reform and opening up, China's corrugated carton packaging has developed rapidly, and its growth rate is high among the major producing countries. In 1995, the output was 7.4 billion square meters. In 2000, the output was 12.3 billion square meters, Japan was 13.458 billion square meters, and China was 12.3 billion square meters. Since 1995, the production of corrugated board has been ranked third in the world, second only to the United States and Japan. In 2002, our corrugated board production volume reached 20 billion square meters, and its production capacity has reached 23 billion square meters. Has surpassed Japan, second only to the United States, ranking second in the world.
Second, the development trend of China's corrugated boxes
1. The product develops in the direction of fully utilizing the packaging function.
The package has seven functions of protecting goods, beautifying goods, saving costs, facilitating storage and transportation, facilitating measurement, guiding consumption, and increasing added value. To sum up, there are two categories: one is functional, the protection of goods is implemented, it embodies the essence of packaging; the other is value-added, which promotes the sale of goods, which shows the charm and effect of packaging. In the past, corrugated boxes were mainly used as transport packaging to protect goods and achieve functional purposes. With the development of the economy and the improvement of packaging requirements for goods, corrugated boxes have not only played a functional role, but also played a value-adding role. Therefore, corrugated boxes are being developed from the simple use of transport packaging in the past to both transport packaging and sales packaging.
2. Development of production equipment
Corrugated box technical equipment is the basis and support of corrugated box industry, and cardboard forming equipment is the key equipment, which is the symbol of the technical equipment level of carton manufacturers. Developed countries have already eliminated single and single-sided machines, which is the development direction and inevitable trend. Nowadays, the production line is also accelerating and upgrading, and gradually develops in the direction of high speed, wide width, low consumption, closed pollution-free, computer control and multi-function. For example, Shenzhen Huali Packaging Trading Co., Ltd. recently introduced the 1.62m ultra-wide full-open offset press from Germany KBA, with a large feed size of 1200×1620mm and a high printing speed of 16000 sheets/h.
3. Gradually promote the production mode of centralized plate-making and decentralized box production
The centralized production of decentralized boxes reflects the division of labor and cooperation in socialized production, which is conducive to the adjustment and upgrading of industrial structure. It is in line with the complementary advantages of market economy and the common development of the survival of the fittest. It should be gradually implemented. At the same time, we must speed up the construction of the social credit system, actively and properly resolve the difficulties and difficulties in the process of cooperation between the two sides, so that the board enterprises and the box enterprises can develop in harmony.
4, pay attention to the changes in corrugated box structure
In recent years, domestic and foreign research on corrugated board structure has been strengthened and some breakthroughs have been made. First, the development of C-shaped corrugated cardboard. Europe began to be popular last year and the market responded enthusiastically. Since corrugated board can only be printed on gravure printing machines in the past, in order to obtain the effect of offset printing, only the pre-printed tissue paper can be attached to the dew board. The C-shaped corrugated cardboard can be directly printed on the offset printing machine, and the pit pattern is not deformed by pressure to reduce or destroy the strength of the paper sample, and the packaging design can be flexible and diverse, and the printing is exquisite. G-type corrugated paper was originally used as a substitute for folding panels and is now used for the protection and transportation of small commodities. The second is the development of F-type and K-type corrugated cardboard. Foreign F-type corrugated cardboard is used for commodity packaging or container transportation and packaging. Type K is an extra large corrugated for heavy duty packaging. The third is the introduction of high-strength corrugated composite panels. The paperboard changes the horizontal arrangement of the traditional corrugated cardboard, and innovatively adopts a corrugated vertical tightly arranged structure. It is not only high-strength, but also has excellent compression resistance, bending resistance and cushioning properties. It can replace heavy-duty corrugated cardboard, honeycomb paperboard and wood packaging, and is a new type of environmentally friendly packaging material.
Third, the countermeasures of China's corrugated carton industry in the process of economic globalization
In the environment of economic globalization, it is necessary to "see the world from China" and "see China from the world". It is necessary to enhance the sense of urgency and crisis in participating in international competition. In particular, after joining the World Trade Organization, we must clearly understand the situation faced by China's corrugated carton packaging development, take the opportunity to make full use of economic globalization and the opportunities provided by the World Trade Organization, face challenges, study countermeasures, strive for initiative, and avoid disadvantages. Harm, so that China's corrugated box enterprises can survive and develop better in the fierce international competition in the future.
1. Increase the intensity of talent development in corrugated box enterprises
The talent strategy makes the fundamental strategy in the enterprise development strategy the core content. Enterprise development depends on products, products rely on innovation, innovation depends on technology, and technology depends on talent. At present, the talent reserve of China's corrugated carton industry is still not enough. Take Guangdong Province as an example. The lack of talents in corrugated carton enterprises only accounts for 8% of the company's personnel, which is lower than the average of 15% of other industries in the country. It can be said that the lack of talent is the main reason for the low economic efficiency of corrugated carton enterprises and the lack of vitality and stamina for enterprise development. To this end, we must do a good job in the following aspects: First, change concepts and raise awareness of talent development; second, we must strengthen the training of strategic talents and create a high-quality entrepreneurial team; To achieve accelerated training of talents.
2. Introduce foreign advanced technology reasonably and effectively, accelerate the technological progress and technological innovation of corrugated box enterprises
Technological advances with technological revolution and technological innovation as the main content have become the primary factors in the economic development of today's countries. Science and technology are productivity, and it is imperative to rely on science and technology to develop corrugated box production. To improve the overall quality and economic efficiency of China's corrugated carton enterprises, we must seize the opportunity brought by the World Trade Organization to China's corrugated carton enterprises, rationally and effectively introduce advanced foreign technology, timely digestion and absorption, and innovative development. Fasten the gap between China's corrugated carton packaging and developed countries. To speed up the pace of technological innovation in corrugated box enterprises, we should focus on the following aspects: First, improve the innovation consciousness and quality of enterprise leaders; second, improve the ability of enterprise technology innovation; third, choose the correct way of technological innovation. The introduction of foreign advanced technology is a way of imitative innovation, and it is the key to the transcendence of developing countries with relatively backward technological economy, which is conducive to shortening the gap in technological backwardness. However, the introduction of technology should be digested, absorbed and innovated in a timely manner, otherwise it will fall into the strange circle of technology introduction--backward--recurrence.
3. Develop new products, expand the scope of carton services, and march into the depth and breadth of packaging.
Corrugated carton enterprises can do the following work: First, the transportation and packaging market is vast and has great potential. High-strength corrugated packaging such as corrugated cardboard trays, mats, honeycomb sheets, etc., is for further development. The second is to expand the application areas of corrugated boxes and expand to replace some plastic, metal, wood and bamboo packaging. The field of packaging is vast, and the areas occupied by other packaging need to be re-recognized and combined. Because corrugated boxes have their unique advantages, the conditions for gradually replacing some plastic, metal, wood, and bamboo packaging products exist, and alternative situations have emerged. For example, after the motorcycle wood packaging is changed into paper packaging, the packaging cost is saved by 30%. The third is to develop into sales packaging. Corrugated boxes are mostly used for the outer packaging and transportation packaging of goods, which seems to be a customary regulation, forming a concept, which also constrains the development of corrugated carton packaging. Due to the growing development of home appliances, hardware, electronic equipment, medical equipment, household industrial products, food, fruits, vegetables, etc., there is a demand for beautifully decorated special-shaped color printing E-type and F-shaped cartons with corresponding strength and advertising functions. The amount is increasing day by day. This requires corrugated carton enterprises to quickly update their concepts, work hard to develop sales packaging, and take active measures to meet the needs of the big market.
4. Renovate old corrugated carton enterprises, constantly adjust product structure and improve market adaptability
There are two ways to transform old enterprises: First, the introduction of new technologies and new equipment, which is of course a good solution. Not every enterprise has such capabilities and conditions; another way is to transform old equipment based on existing conditions. At present, Guangdong's corrugated carton packaging has an automated production line and single-sided machine enterprises, accounting for only about 85%, and some small enterprises still use stand-alone production. The big problem of single machine production is that the number of landings of the products is many. This alone consumes 1/3 more time, which seriously affects the cost and quality of corrugated boxes. Therefore, the transformation of old equipment should be based on reducing the number of landings as a breakthrough, in the reduction of the number of landings, so that the single machine has been transformed into a line. It is necessary to make a transition from a single-sided machine to a single-sided machine, an automatic production line. Under the premise of ensuring product quality and performance, it is the goal of product structure adjustment to reduce costs as much as possible, to meet user needs and reduce pollution. First, the packaging of the original paper should be developed to high strength and low weight. At present, the domestic packaging base paper generally has high weight and low strength, and the cardboard paper is mostly between 250 and 360 g per square meter. The corrugated cardboard is five layers and seven layers, and the cost is high, resulting in waste. In developed countries, 150-220g boxboard is used per square meter, and corrugated cardboard is mostly three-layer, special five-layer and seven-layer. This situation should be taken seriously. The development trend of high strength and low weight of corrugated cardboard in foreign countries will surely spread to China. This trend has been confronted by the packaging industry; the second is to promote the use of starch adhesives. Although the adhesive is only an auxiliary material for corrugated packaging, it is an important factor that restricts the quality of the composite. Starch adhesives have good quality and low cost, which can benefit 150-200 yuan per ton of water glass. The third is to promote the use of nail-free technology. Corrugated boxes have been used in flats, and their weaknesses are rust and contamination. Export products have to cross the ocean, rusting, and affect quality and reputation. The market is calling for the widespread use of adhesive bonding technology.
5. Establish a corrugated carton enterprise group to realize scale operation and improve the scale economy of the enterprise
According to the characteristics of the rapid development of current technology and the domestic and international competition faced by the corrugated box industry, combined with the characteristics and development of small and medium-sized corrugated box enterprises in many regions, and drawing on the experience of foreign small and medium-sized enterprises, the road of joint development should become similar to that of Guangdong. The basic ideas for the development strategy of corrugated carton enterprises in other provinces. Joint development will be the general trend of the development of many corrugated carton enterprises in the new century. After joining the World Trade Organization, the final competitors of various corrugated box enterprises in China must be foreign corrugated carton groups, facing a fierce international market rather than a closed domestic market. If there is no corrugated carton enterprise group with certain competitive strength and a fist product with strong competitiveness, it is definitely not feasible to fight against the big waves in the sea of ​​competition in the international market. Therefore, China's small and medium-sized corrugated box enterprises must move closer to large enterprises and groups, and establish cross-regional and inter-departmental enterprise groups through technological transformation of existing enterprises and joint mergers between enterprises and joint-stock systems to promote corrugated box enterprises. Recombination. Under the guidance of relevant national policies, the economic resources of corrugated boxes will be realized from scattered SMEs to large and extra large enterprise groups, from inefficient and inferior enterprises to superior enterprises, from the general domestic market competitive fields to being able to adapt to the international Two domestic markets and two strategic areas of competition are concentrated. By expanding the scale and realizing the scale operation, on the basis of innovation, the potential of corrugated box enterprises will be fully explored, the advantages will be created by scale, the scale will be expanded by advantage, and the development opportunities provided by the market for corrugated box packaging will be continuously found.
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