1. The strength test and analysis of corrugated board The corrugated paper is the main material for manufacturing various cartons and packaging. The quality and strength of corrugated paper will directly affect the quality of the carton or packaging. The requirements for the quality and strength of corrugated paper are firstly affected and limited by the production process and operation, and on the other hand, they are required by the products to be packaged and the uses. Therefore, the strict determination of various strength indicators of corrugated paper is a very important link in packaging, printing and production, and has a very important significance for ensuring product quality and performance.
Sampling is the first step in accurate measurement of corrugated cardboard. Sampling should be able to represent the characteristics of the entire batch of products to the greatest extent, but as few as possible. China's standard is set at 3% to 5%, and it can also be sampled according to specific production scale and conditions. After sampling, the paper plate should be processed so that the measured data can be obtained under a specific condition so that such data can be compared under the same conditions. The humidity and temperature of the air have a great influence on the physical and mechanical properties of paper and cardboard. It is necessary to do proper humidity adjustment before measurement. Below we introduce the strength index and test method of corrugated paper.
1. Ring compression strength of corrugated cardboard and carton board It is difficult to determine the compressive strength of the base paper or cardboard along the width direction (that is, perpendicular to the thickness of the paper). Because the thickness of the paper or paperboard is very small, it is difficult to apply pressure on a straight piece of paper in a direction perpendicular to its thickness, while maintaining the shape stability of the base paper or paperboard. If the paper or cardboard is enclosed in a ring, its shape stability is much better when pressure is applied. Therefore, the base paper or paperboard is surrounded by a ring, and then the compressive strength is measured. This is the circular pressure strength of the base paper or paperboard. The measurement is carried out on a small pressure testing machine.
2. The flat compressive strength of the corrugated core The main function of the corrugated core is to keep the cardboard with a certain thickness when the corrugated cardboard is deformed by compression, so that the cardboard can obtain a larger moment of inertia. The role of corrugated paper is closely related to the reliability of corrugated paper made on a single-sided machine. The corrugated paper core must be able to withstand the effects of stress and strain, and form a uniform contour corrugated when corrugated at high speed, and can be firmly attached to the facial paper.
This effect of corrugated core can be measured by the flat compressive strength of fluted corrugated core. The measurement of the flat compressive strength of the corrugated core is that the corrugated base paper is first pressed into a corrugated shape with a corrugated tester under a certain temperature and a certain pressure. Then do a flat-pressure test on a small testing machine to determine its carrying capacity and express it as KN (kgf).
3. Flat compressive strength of corrugated cardboard An inherent characteristic of corrugated cardboard is that it has a larger moment of inertia than general cardboard. When corrugated paperboard is subjected to a moment of inertia under greater pressure, still maintaining its original thickness is a prerequisite for maintaining its inherent characteristics. Therefore, the ability of corrugated paperboard to be subjected to a flat load without crushing is an important strength index of corrugated paperboard. This index is particularly important for the elasticity of corrugated cardboard when it is used, and during the processing of carton making to maintain the original thickness of the cardboard.
The flat compressive strength of corrugated cardboard is expressed by the force acting vertically on the unit area of ​​the cardboard, and the unit is kPa. To measure the flat compressive strength of corrugated cardboard, a small pressure tester can be used, with round specimens and a diameter of 5.13 cm.
4. Corrugated cardboard edge compression strength The corrugated cardboard box is different from paper bags in that it is used as a rigid container and must maintain a certain shape when used. A major form of corrugated box damage is crushing and losing rigidity. A lot of research work has shown that an indicator of the rigidity of the carton is the compressive strength of the carton, which is directly related to the edge compression strength of the corrugated cardboard.
The edge compressive strength of corrugated cardboard refers to the ability of the cardboard to withstand compressive load in the corrugated direction. It is expressed as the acting force per unit length and the unit is N / m. The quality of the product; it can also be used to compare the edge compressive strength of corrugated cardboard produced from different materials.
A small pressure testing machine can be used to measure the edge pressure strength. The area of ​​the upper and lower pressing plates is 100mm * 100mm, and the remaining requirements are the same as the requirements for measuring the flat compression strength. In addition, two rectangular metal guide plates holding the sample are required, which are 100 mm long and 20 mm * 20 mm in cross section.
5. Bursting strength Bursting strength has always been regarded as an important quality indicator of corrugated board and its components (core paper, face paper and backing paper). In the early days, even all the quality specifications of corrugated cardboard were mainly based on bursting resistance. Although the current specifications have paid attention to indicators such as edge compressive strength, the determination of bursting strength is still of great significance. Because the paperboard is subjected to stress similar to that used in the determination of burst resistance during use. Burst resistance is the load of paper or paperboard when it is not broken, which means the ability of the paper or paperboard to withstand external pressure without breaking. The burst resistance is measured with a burst resistance measuring instrument.
6. Puncture strength Puncture strength can be used to measure the resistance of corrugated cardboard when it is damaged by sharp objects. It is a comprehensive indicator. Recent studies have shown that the tear strength of the facial paper in both the vertical and horizontal directions is related to the corrugated core paper. The flat compressive strength of the corrugated core paper has an important influence on the strength of the corrugated cardboard. The piercing strength has become more and more important recently, and many countries have included this index in the quality specifications of corrugated paper.
The puncture strength is measured with a puncture strength tester. The tester uses a pendulum equipped with a piercing head to determine the ability of the cardboard to resist the piercing by the change in potential energy before and after piercing the cardboard, and converts the change in potential energy into kinetic energy to pierce and tear the cardboard To indicate the puncture strength of paper or cardboard.
7. Adhesive strength Adhesive strength refers to the bonding strength of corrugated paper and face or backing paper. Apply an outward pull perpendicular to the surface of the tissue or corrugated core paper until the two separate. The maximum load that the interface of the adhesive or bonding fiber can bear before separation is the bonding strength of the sample, also known as the peel strength, in N.
The bond strength can be measured with a small pressure tester. The tensile force applied to the facial paper and corrugated core paper is generated by inserting the upper and lower two sets of corrugated rods, so this test is also called the pin glue strength test.
The model of the test rod depends on the model of corrugated cardboard being tested. A long set of test rods is inserted under the corrugated core paper, and a short set of test rods is inserted under the corrugated core paper. Then pull up on the upper side and pull down on the lower side to measure the bonding strength of the weaker of the two bonding surfaces. When a long set of test rods are inserted into the upper or lower side of the core paper at intervals, and a short set of test rods are inserted into the same side of the core paper at intervals, the adhesive strength of the side connected to the test rod can be measured. (Picture)
Sampling is the first step in accurate measurement of corrugated cardboard. Sampling should be able to represent the characteristics of the entire batch of products to the greatest extent, but as few as possible. China's standard is set at 3% to 5%, and it can also be sampled according to specific production scale and conditions. After sampling, the paper plate should be processed so that the measured data can be obtained under a specific condition so that such data can be compared under the same conditions. The humidity and temperature of the air have a great influence on the physical and mechanical properties of paper and cardboard. It is necessary to do proper humidity adjustment before measurement. Below we introduce the strength index and test method of corrugated paper.
1. Ring compression strength of corrugated cardboard and carton board It is difficult to determine the compressive strength of the base paper or cardboard along the width direction (that is, perpendicular to the thickness of the paper). Because the thickness of the paper or paperboard is very small, it is difficult to apply pressure on a straight piece of paper in a direction perpendicular to its thickness, while maintaining the shape stability of the base paper or paperboard. If the paper or cardboard is enclosed in a ring, its shape stability is much better when pressure is applied. Therefore, the base paper or paperboard is surrounded by a ring, and then the compressive strength is measured. This is the circular pressure strength of the base paper or paperboard. The measurement is carried out on a small pressure testing machine.
2. The flat compressive strength of the corrugated core The main function of the corrugated core is to keep the cardboard with a certain thickness when the corrugated cardboard is deformed by compression, so that the cardboard can obtain a larger moment of inertia. The role of corrugated paper is closely related to the reliability of corrugated paper made on a single-sided machine. The corrugated paper core must be able to withstand the effects of stress and strain, and form a uniform contour corrugated when corrugated at high speed, and can be firmly attached to the facial paper.
This effect of corrugated core can be measured by the flat compressive strength of fluted corrugated core. The measurement of the flat compressive strength of the corrugated core is that the corrugated base paper is first pressed into a corrugated shape with a corrugated tester under a certain temperature and a certain pressure. Then do a flat-pressure test on a small testing machine to determine its carrying capacity and express it as KN (kgf).
3. Flat compressive strength of corrugated cardboard An inherent characteristic of corrugated cardboard is that it has a larger moment of inertia than general cardboard. When corrugated paperboard is subjected to a moment of inertia under greater pressure, still maintaining its original thickness is a prerequisite for maintaining its inherent characteristics. Therefore, the ability of corrugated paperboard to be subjected to a flat load without crushing is an important strength index of corrugated paperboard. This index is particularly important for the elasticity of corrugated cardboard when it is used, and during the processing of carton making to maintain the original thickness of the cardboard.
The flat compressive strength of corrugated cardboard is expressed by the force acting vertically on the unit area of ​​the cardboard, and the unit is kPa. To measure the flat compressive strength of corrugated cardboard, a small pressure tester can be used, with round specimens and a diameter of 5.13 cm.
4. Corrugated cardboard edge compression strength The corrugated cardboard box is different from paper bags in that it is used as a rigid container and must maintain a certain shape when used. A major form of corrugated box damage is crushing and losing rigidity. A lot of research work has shown that an indicator of the rigidity of the carton is the compressive strength of the carton, which is directly related to the edge compression strength of the corrugated cardboard.
The edge compressive strength of corrugated cardboard refers to the ability of the cardboard to withstand compressive load in the corrugated direction. It is expressed as the acting force per unit length and the unit is N / m. The quality of the product; it can also be used to compare the edge compressive strength of corrugated cardboard produced from different materials.
A small pressure testing machine can be used to measure the edge pressure strength. The area of ​​the upper and lower pressing plates is 100mm * 100mm, and the remaining requirements are the same as the requirements for measuring the flat compression strength. In addition, two rectangular metal guide plates holding the sample are required, which are 100 mm long and 20 mm * 20 mm in cross section.
5. Bursting strength Bursting strength has always been regarded as an important quality indicator of corrugated board and its components (core paper, face paper and backing paper). In the early days, even all the quality specifications of corrugated cardboard were mainly based on bursting resistance. Although the current specifications have paid attention to indicators such as edge compressive strength, the determination of bursting strength is still of great significance. Because the paperboard is subjected to stress similar to that used in the determination of burst resistance during use. Burst resistance is the load of paper or paperboard when it is not broken, which means the ability of the paper or paperboard to withstand external pressure without breaking. The burst resistance is measured with a burst resistance measuring instrument.
6. Puncture strength Puncture strength can be used to measure the resistance of corrugated cardboard when it is damaged by sharp objects. It is a comprehensive indicator. Recent studies have shown that the tear strength of the facial paper in both the vertical and horizontal directions is related to the corrugated core paper. The flat compressive strength of the corrugated core paper has an important influence on the strength of the corrugated cardboard. The piercing strength has become more and more important recently, and many countries have included this index in the quality specifications of corrugated paper.
The puncture strength is measured with a puncture strength tester. The tester uses a pendulum equipped with a piercing head to determine the ability of the cardboard to resist the piercing by the change in potential energy before and after piercing the cardboard, and converts the change in potential energy into kinetic energy to pierce and tear the cardboard To indicate the puncture strength of paper or cardboard.
7. Adhesive strength Adhesive strength refers to the bonding strength of corrugated paper and face or backing paper. Apply an outward pull perpendicular to the surface of the tissue or corrugated core paper until the two separate. The maximum load that the interface of the adhesive or bonding fiber can bear before separation is the bonding strength of the sample, also known as the peel strength, in N.
The bond strength can be measured with a small pressure tester. The tensile force applied to the facial paper and corrugated core paper is generated by inserting the upper and lower two sets of corrugated rods, so this test is also called the pin glue strength test.
The model of the test rod depends on the model of corrugated cardboard being tested. A long set of test rods is inserted under the corrugated core paper, and a short set of test rods is inserted under the corrugated core paper. Then pull up on the upper side and pull down on the lower side to measure the bonding strength of the weaker of the two bonding surfaces. When a long set of test rods are inserted into the upper or lower side of the core paper at intervals, and a short set of test rods are inserted into the same side of the core paper at intervals, the adhesive strength of the side connected to the test rod can be measured. (Picture)
Second, the carton performance test Corrugated paper box can replace most of the wooden box, but the main reason for not completely replacing the wooden box is: 1. Water and moisture resistance is not as good as the wooden box; 2. It is easy to be pierced by sharp hard objects; 3. The compressive strength is not as good as the wooden box. Especially the last point is particularly influential. Therefore, it is of great significance to study how to improve the compressive strength of corrugated boxes.
Corrugated boxes are packaging containers, and their tests can be carried out according to the requirements of the packaging container. The main test items are:
1. Carton pressure test The carton pressure test is the compression test, which is the most basic test of carton performance. Through this test, the compression resistance of the carton in different states can be determined.
The equipment used for carton pressure test is a carton pressure test machine. The pressure area of ​​this test machine table is relatively large. Generally, the area of ​​the upper and lower pressing plates is 1.5m * 1.5m or 1m * 1m. One of the two pressure plates is a support plate, the position of which can be adjusted according to the size of the sample, so that it has a suitable height, and then fasten it; the other is a pressure plate, which can slide along the guide bar, Apply pressure to the sample.
2. Carton drop test The drop test is a commonly used test for general commodity packaging and is also used for corrugated carton. The drop test can detect the physical strength of the contents under different drop conditions. At the same time, the performance of the carton and the buffering effect of the carton structure can also be determined through experiments.
The drop test is a simple and applicable test. It is suitable for packaging with total weight below 150kg or small volume. The equipment used in the testing machine is relatively simple, and a hook drop testing machine or a supporting plate testing machine can be used.
3. Bevel impact performance For heavy or bulky packages, such as large packages weighing more than 150kg, the bevel impact test can be used to test the impact resistance of the package and the contents.
The slope impact test can simulate the strong impact load caused by trains, cars starting, braking and downhill. In addition, this test can also provide similar experiments for various impact loads caused by the transfer process (such as the goods passing through the conveyor belt, lifting, unloading, etc.). The test device is a collision test machine composed of slide rails, trolleys and baffles.
4. Hexagon Drum Test The Hexagon Drum Test is a comprehensive test that simulates various loads on the carton with built-in items during transportation. This test can imitate the case where the carton enters the warehouse, machine room, and car from the conveyor belt, or the carton is transported from one floor to another by the conveyor belt. The tumbling and falling of the carton in the testing machine is random, and there is no certain rule. This natural drop of the carton can fall on the baffle of the drum, or it can fall on every corner, side, and face of the drum, providing various load tests for the carton.
Through this test, two purposes can be achieved: to simulate the impact and vibration that the carton may encounter during transportation, and to determine the carton's ability to withstand these impacts and vibrations; to determine the carton, inner packaging, and shockproof materials' protection to the contents. In addition, this test is also useful for determining the reliability of carton joints and closures. This test is measured on a hexagonal drum testing machine.
5. Vibration and anti-vibration performance test The carton will be subjected to vibrations of different frequencies and amplitudes during transportation, which will affect the carton and its contents, such as carton deformation and cracking, surface wear, and ink stains. In the general vibration, you can also make occasional vibrations with some known parameters. Due to the wide range of vibration frequencies during transportation, the test includes two aspects: first, the carton is placed tightly on the vibration table, and the test carton's ability to withstand fatigue and high-frequency vibration caused by repeated vibration; Put the carton tightly on the vibration table and check whether low-frequency vibration will cause resonance in the carton contents. This test is applicable to items such as electronic instruments that are very sensitive to low-frequency vibration.
The vibration table for carton vibration test can produce 1-80Hz vibration frequency and 0.5-10g (g = 9.81m / s * s) acceleration. The carton for the test can be placed on the vibrating table. According to the test needs, the carton can be tied tightly or allowed to move freely. During the test, it can imitate the stacking situation during transportation and apply a simulated force load to the sample. The shaker should also meet the requirements that are compatible with the total load of stacked cartons and content items.
The basic method of the test is to reproduce the vibrations in the transportation process, such as in the train compartment, car compartment, and aircraft cabin under the experimental conditions. The vibration load depends on the type of transportation.
When testing the anti-vibration strength of the carton, the number of patterns is suitable for the actual situation. The carton stacking quantity is generally not less than 3, the total stacking height should depend on the type of transportation. The stacking height for rail transportation is generally 2.5m, for vehicles it is 2m, and for air transportation it is 1.5m. The termination time of the test is determined by the damage rate of the carton. The degree of damage includes the seam of the carton and the damage of the bonded box wall.
6. Spray test The corrugated carton is sprayed under the specified conditions for a specified time and water spray volume to evaluate the carton's ability to withstand water intrusion and the carton's ability to protect the contents.
7. Other tests include weather resistance test and friction performance test.
Corrugated boxes are packaging containers, and their tests can be carried out according to the requirements of the packaging container. The main test items are:
1. Carton pressure test The carton pressure test is the compression test, which is the most basic test of carton performance. Through this test, the compression resistance of the carton in different states can be determined.
The equipment used for carton pressure test is a carton pressure test machine. The pressure area of ​​this test machine table is relatively large. Generally, the area of ​​the upper and lower pressing plates is 1.5m * 1.5m or 1m * 1m. One of the two pressure plates is a support plate, the position of which can be adjusted according to the size of the sample, so that it has a suitable height, and then fasten it; the other is a pressure plate, which can slide along the guide bar, Apply pressure to the sample.
2. Carton drop test The drop test is a commonly used test for general commodity packaging and is also used for corrugated carton. The drop test can detect the physical strength of the contents under different drop conditions. At the same time, the performance of the carton and the buffering effect of the carton structure can also be determined through experiments.
The drop test is a simple and applicable test. It is suitable for packaging with total weight below 150kg or small volume. The equipment used in the testing machine is relatively simple, and a hook drop testing machine or a supporting plate testing machine can be used.
3. Bevel impact performance For heavy or bulky packages, such as large packages weighing more than 150kg, the bevel impact test can be used to test the impact resistance of the package and the contents.
The slope impact test can simulate the strong impact load caused by trains, cars starting, braking and downhill. In addition, this test can also provide similar experiments for various impact loads caused by the transfer process (such as the goods passing through the conveyor belt, lifting, unloading, etc.). The test device is a collision test machine composed of slide rails, trolleys and baffles.
4. Hexagon Drum Test The Hexagon Drum Test is a comprehensive test that simulates various loads on the carton with built-in items during transportation. This test can imitate the case where the carton enters the warehouse, machine room, and car from the conveyor belt, or the carton is transported from one floor to another by the conveyor belt. The tumbling and falling of the carton in the testing machine is random, and there is no certain rule. This natural drop of the carton can fall on the baffle of the drum, or it can fall on every corner, side, and face of the drum, providing various load tests for the carton.
Through this test, two purposes can be achieved: to simulate the impact and vibration that the carton may encounter during transportation, and to determine the carton's ability to withstand these impacts and vibrations; to determine the carton, inner packaging, and shockproof materials' protection to the contents. In addition, this test is also useful for determining the reliability of carton joints and closures. This test is measured on a hexagonal drum testing machine.
5. Vibration and anti-vibration performance test The carton will be subjected to vibrations of different frequencies and amplitudes during transportation, which will affect the carton and its contents, such as carton deformation and cracking, surface wear, and ink stains. In the general vibration, you can also make occasional vibrations with some known parameters. Due to the wide range of vibration frequencies during transportation, the test includes two aspects: first, the carton is placed tightly on the vibration table, and the test carton's ability to withstand fatigue and high-frequency vibration caused by repeated vibration; Put the carton tightly on the vibration table and check whether low-frequency vibration will cause resonance in the carton contents. This test is applicable to items such as electronic instruments that are very sensitive to low-frequency vibration.
The vibration table for carton vibration test can produce 1-80Hz vibration frequency and 0.5-10g (g = 9.81m / s * s) acceleration. The carton for the test can be placed on the vibrating table. According to the test needs, the carton can be tied tightly or allowed to move freely. During the test, it can imitate the stacking situation during transportation and apply a simulated force load to the sample. The shaker should also meet the requirements that are compatible with the total load of stacked cartons and content items.
The basic method of the test is to reproduce the vibrations in the transportation process, such as in the train compartment, car compartment, and aircraft cabin under the experimental conditions. The vibration load depends on the type of transportation.
When testing the anti-vibration strength of the carton, the number of patterns is suitable for the actual situation. The carton stacking quantity is generally not less than 3, the total stacking height should depend on the type of transportation. The stacking height for rail transportation is generally 2.5m, for vehicles it is 2m, and for air transportation it is 1.5m. The termination time of the test is determined by the damage rate of the carton. The degree of damage includes the seam of the carton and the damage of the bonded box wall.
6. Spray test The corrugated carton is sprayed under the specified conditions for a specified time and water spray volume to evaluate the carton's ability to withstand water intrusion and the carton's ability to protect the contents.
7. Other tests include weather resistance test and friction performance test.
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