Screen printing originated in China at the earliest and has a history of more than two thousand years. As early as the Qin and Han dynasties in China, there appeared the method of printing jade. The scrolls unearthed from Mawangdui in Changsha were screen prints from the Western Han Dynasty, and jade dyeing products from the Eastern Han Dynasty became popular. During the great cause of the Sui Dynasty (605-611), the silk screen was stretched onto a frame to make a perforated pattern for the printing process, which made this printing method leap in technology and developed into an early silk screen printing method. . The dresses and dresses used in the courts of the Tang Dynasty were also decorated with exquisite patterns using this method. Later, this method spread to Japan, and Japan used this method to print and dye clothes during the Nato era. This perforated printing and dyeing method was the most advanced in the world at that time.
In the Song Dynasty, screen printing developed again, and starch powder was added to the dyes used for screen printing, which was adjusted to paste for printing. The paste printing was used to improve the original oil-based paint. The printed products appear more colorful. Many foreign scholars who study screen printing have to admit that screen printing is the invention of China. An editor article of a screen printing magazine in the United States once described China's screen printing as follows: "There is evidence that the Chinese used horsehair and templates before 2000. The clothing of the early Ming Dynasty proved their competitive spirit and processing technology. Obviously They had the market and researched the technical knowledge at that time, because they switched to using silk to improve the printing level. "Unfortunately, the long-term Chinese feudal society shackled productivity, restricting the development of screen printing technology, especially in the use of photosensitive adhesive We are lagging behind in modern screen printing, which is marked by screen-making.
In Europe, around the 18th century, the template-leakage version has been widely used in the production of wall paper. In 1905, Samuel Hive of the United Kingdom developed a printing method using silk screens and obtained a patent. After this method was later spread to the United States, a person named Joan Bruce Was improved it, and developed a method of multi-color printing with a screen for printing signboards. Since then, screen printing technology has achieved rapid development. It is also widely used in commercial printing.
A Japanese painter named Shishi Shi is the founder of Japanese modern screen printing. He went to the United States at the age of 16 to study. After returning to China in 1918, he introduced the new screen printing technology from the United States to Japan. "Polymerized plate making method" and obtained a patent. In 1923, a color printing technology company was established in Shibaenbashi, Tokyo, and industrialist Shogan Ryuyama bought the patent and invested 400,000 yen. Wan Shi's is responsible for the technical guidance of the company, and strives to improve it. Using Japanese printing and dyeing template technology, he completed another varnish paper engraving plate-making method. This method was later imported into the United States.
The photoengraving method of screen printing was officially completed in 1925. It is exactly the same as the current direct photoengraving method. However, since before 1918, as a printing and dyeing model making method, a patent has been obtained, this method has not been patented. Photo-engraving screen printing, like the photo-engraving method of other printing methods, utilizes the invention and application principles of French L • J • M • Takaro in 1837. After this, the British W · H · F · Tarobo proposed further reforms. The results of these studies have changed the scope of application of screen printing. From 1914 to 1915, American C · M · Peter and A · Imeri and others successively invented gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, cowhide gum, gum arabic and other basic emulsions, and added potassium dichromate and heavy Photosensitive emulsion (photosensitive adhesive) composed of photosensitive materials such as ammonium chromate.
The Second World War greatly promoted the development of screen printing. European and American countries, especially in the United States, initially applied photosensitive emulsions to screen printing around 1914-1915. Of course, the photosensitive emulsions were still in a very simple, primitive and unstable state. Around 1940, due to the development of industry, major research topics for printed circuit boards were proposed. To achieve this goal, the research on photolithography has been rapidly developed. After the start of the Second World War, the military industry became very important. This industry has increased significantly, especially in the research department of radio remote control and rockets. This new photoengraving screen printing technology is gestating. The circuit board printing method invented in order to install a stable and firm circuit board in a place with a small space requires the very high precision screen printing method. After the end of the Second World War, research and application of new screen printing technologies were strengthened in the rocket, satellite, weak current industry, and many other non-civil industrial sectors. By 1950, screen printing had been widely used in the civil industry, but it was only the initial stage of the development of screen printing technology.
The development period of modern silk screen is no more than 40 years, and only in the last thirty years has it reached a technically decisive maturity period. During this period, even if there are still some defects in the rationalized production side, the productivity of screen printing has been significantly improved. For screen printing, the simultaneous existence of different stages of rationalized production does not need to be changed, so some It is believed that only full-automatic screen printing production can draw conclusions that are technically and economically significant. In fact, the screen printing process and equipment varieties provided today are not only applied and require fully automatic screen printing machines. On the contrary, a large number of semi-automatic and 3/4 automated printing machines are now used in screen printing production equipment, and in the various printing tasks undertaken by screen printing, these equipments have shown characteristics that are suitable for production conditions . Therefore, in actual production, it can be seen that not only semi-automatic and 1/4 automatic screen printers are used, but manual screen printers are also used, the number of which is the same as automatic screen printers. But at the same time, it cannot be ignored. Today's modern screen printing factories are always faced with the need to ensure increased productivity and competition. Therefore, it is necessary to add appropriate automated production equipment.
Many years ago, screen printing was thought to be unable to produce fine emblem-level prints, but now it has the potential to keep pace with flexographic printing. In terms of printing capabilities, the new rotary screen printer shows the potential to compete with small offset presses in both speed and quality. This small screen printer with a simple and lightweight structure has the advantage of being cheaper than a small offset printer. The printing speed is from 30 to 240 sheets per minute. It is convenient to change the version on the machine, and the manual color change can be completed within half a minute. It takes at least 25 minutes to change colors and pads on a small offset press. The resolution of screen printing and screening has reached 150 lines (60 lines / cm). There are no technical problems such as water-ink balance of offset printing, replacement of rubber blanket, ink emulsification and adjustment of ink fountain key, so its operation is relatively simple. At present, two basic problems of screen printing have not been resolved, namely the drying of screen printing products and the improvement of the quality of screen printing plates. The common trend in the development of screen printing is the application of electronic computing technology to promote further automation of the process. Manufacture and apply new plate materials. This new plate material will simplify the plate-making process and increase the number of prints and the resolution of the plate. The manufacturing production efficiency is high, and can guarantee the two-sided overprinting of the screen printing machine, shorten the drying time of the printed matter and expand the characteristics of the past screen printing large size.
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