Print Layout press plate type, divided into letterpress printing, offset printing, gravure printing and stencil printing four categories. If you carefully observe and compare with a magnifying lens with a large magnification, the appearance of the printed matter can be roughly determined by what kind of printing it belongs to. Any line printed on the ink has piled up phenomenon, that is, concave copper plate or concave steel plate printed matter, because the gravure ink and printing system is piled up in the deep groove, the ink is thicker. All the screens are covered with bleak white lines, and dark areas with deep ink and light inks are ordinary gravure prints. Because of this, there is a white line with a multitude of subtle textures. This is a process of adding a drying line to the plate to prevent the scraper from scraping the ink inside the groove. The center part of the lines or dots is darker, and its edges are less neat, and there is no pile-up phenomenon, that is, plain printed matter. The printed and non-printed parts of the printing plate are all flat and the edges are eroded by water. At present, color prints in various countries use lithographic printing. Any paper printed with slight markings on the back, and the edges of the lines or dots are uniform, and the ink is lighter than the center, is a relief print, which is pressed on the edge of the print. Heavier, crowded physical appearance. All the screens are covered with grain lines, which are like the cement walls of the stonewashers. The darker inks are darker and the lighter inks are lighter. The crepe pattern is the difference in the amount of light received by the plate glue during plate making, and it shrinks after developing and rinsing. It resembles the valley formed in the orogeny, and it also bears the ink. Others such as cans, curved surfaces and general circuit boards, etc. are printed with a multi-hole version. ![Backc.jpg (1772 bytes)]()
The printing process is divided into printing production processes. There are direct printing and indirect printing. For direct printers, the platen ink is in direct contact with the material to be printed and the transfer ink is transferred thereto. All of the letterpress printing presses (including the latest rubber or plastic version of the rotary press) and gravure printing presses, as well as the hand-held lithographic printing machines in the oldest lithographic printing presses, are direct printing. For indirect printing, the platen ink is first transferred to a cylinder (Cylinder), and the rubber cylinder is used to transfer the ink onto the material to be printed, such as a commonly known offset printing machine (OffsetMachine). In the direct printing version, the imprint is the reverse image; the imprint of the indirect printing version is the positive image. ![Backc.jpg (1772 bytes)]()
Principles of printing According to the principle of printing, the principle of printing can be divided into physical printing and chemical printing. For physical printers, the printing ink is entirely a stacking load on the printed part. The non-printed part is concave or convex. The height of the printed part is different from that of the printed part. The ink on the printed part is transferred to the printed matter. It is only a physical and mechanical effect. General relief printing, gravure printing, stencil printing, dry lithography, etc., are all physical printing (printing surface is higher or lower than the non-printing surface). Chemical printers, where the non-printed portion of the plate (non-printing surface) is not stained with ink, and not because the portion is concave, convex, or obstructed, but due to a chemical effect, it causes water repellency. The film of ink dictates. Of course, the ink-printed part (printing surface) is water-repellent and water-repellent; the non-printed part is water-repelling and ink-repellent; water and grease are dialed back against each other; it is still a physical phenomenon, but during the printing process, the non-printed part must be constantly reprinted. Adding water repellent ink film, it is chemical printing. The printing of lithographic printing presses is such. In the gutter solution, acids and gums must be added to allow the source to supply the mucilage acid layer of the carboxyl group to keep the non-printed surface of the plate free of oil. ![Backc.jpg (1772 bytes)]()
Printing colors are displayed in the color of prints, which can be divided into two types: monochrome printing and multi-color printing. Monochrome printing is not limited to black ones, and all those who display the seals in one color are all. Poly Color Printing is also classified into a Casing Method, a Register Method, and a Multi-color Method. The color enhancer adds another color within the double-line range of the monochrome image to make it brighter and clearer to facilitate reading. Prints for children's books are commonly used. The color filter is independent, non-overlapping, and has no color as the margin line of the range, which is overprinted on the printed material. General lines, tables, merchandise wrapping papers, and topographic prints are often used. The complex color method is based on an additive color mixing process to decompose a natural color manuscript into a primary color separation plate, and then uses a Subtractive Color Mixing Process to reprint the primary color plate on the same sheet. On printed matter, the number of overlapping areas of the primary colors is different, and the natural color prints of the Bisha manuscript are also included. All color prints, except for a few color enhancement methods and color registration methods, are all printed by the polychromatic method. ![Backc.jpg (1772 bytes)]()
The printing plates are based on the plates used in the printing plate and are available in wood, lithic, zinc (aluminium), aluminum, copper, nickel, steel, glass, stone, US, and electroplated multilayers. , paper, nylon, plastic, rubber, etc. Wood version, one hundred version, glass version, etc., can not be bent, can only be used for flatbed printing. Copper plate, steel plate used for gravure printing. The rest is for lithographic or rotary printing presses. The alloy version includes lead type, tantalum, and tin alloy solution casting type plates or cast type typesetting. There are magnesium, aluminum alloy Miraco Plate, and Monel metal such as copper and nickel alloys. The multi-layer metal plate has a three-layer metal plate (Bimetal Plate) with a chrome-plated copper bottom and a chrome-plated copper layer steel bottom (even with stainless steel). Due to the different media, the printing press used, printing ink, printing technology, and printing effects are also different. ![Backc.jpg (1772 bytes)]()
The materials to be printed vary according to the material being printed. There are paper printing, white iron printing, plastic printing, textile printing, wood printing, glass printing, etc. Paper printing is the largest number of prints, accounting for about 95%, regardless of letterpress, lithographic, gravure, stencil can be applied, it is called ordinary printing. Most of the printed materials other than paper are specially printed. ![Backc.jpg (1772 bytes)]()
The use of printed materials varies depending on the type of printing business and the usage varies. Such as book printing, news printing, advertising printing, banknote printing, map printing, stationery printing, special printing, etc. The printing of books and magazines used letterpress printing in the past. In recent years, many lithographs have been used. Press printing, in the past, used the letterpress rotary printing machine because of its fast speed and large print volume. In order to adapt to the needs of color, use lithographic or photogravure printing machines. Advertising printing, including color pictures, pictorials, posters, etc., is mostly lithographic. It may also be used for letterpress, gravure, or stencil printers. The printing of banknotes and other securities is mainly gravure printing. It must also be assisted by letterpress and lithographies, and should do its best. Map printing is suitable for photo lithography. Because of its large size, high precision, multi-color, less print, and the original multi-color is also. Stationery printing, such as envelopes, letterheads, invitations, business cards, books, workbooks, etc., must be inexpensive, mass-printed, and therefore inferior in quality, so letterpress printing is a priority. Packaging and printing, such as various kinds of salted beet vegetable foods, candy, biscuits, candied fruit, corrugated cartons as large as various types of packaging, as well as room decorating wallpapers, are mostly photogravure printing. Special printing, such as bottles, bronzing, embossing, hoses, electronics, circuits, labels, tickets, foils.
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