Currently, major manufacturers are targeting the inkjet printer market. They strengthen the offensive through the research and development of new technologies, so as to raise the competition in the inkjet market to the level of technical competition. It is no exaggeration to say that each time a new series of products is launched, it means that there are one or more new inkjet technologies. come out. Today, let's take a look at what is outstanding about the inkjet technology that has brought practical results to users.
Inkjet method: Foam and piezoelectric technology are indistinguishable
The foundation of inkjet printer is the inkjet method. According to the working principle, it can be divided into two types: solid inkjet and liquid inkjet, and the main working methods of liquid inkjet printers are divided into foam type and piezoelectric type.
Foaming technology is to generate ink bubbles by heating the nozzles and spray them onto the printing medium, which belongs to high temperature and high pressure printing technology. Its working principle is: using a thin film resistor to heat less than 0.5% of the ink in the ink ejection area to form a bubble, the bubble expands at a very fast speed (less than 10 microseconds), forcing the ink droplet to eject from the nozzle Out. The bubble continues to grow for a few microseconds, and then disappears back to the resistor. As the bubbles disappear, the ink in the nozzle retracts. The surface tension will then generate suction, drawing new ink to the ink ejection area.
Relevant experiments have shown that only inks based on oily dyes can print high-quality proofs. Foam inkjet technology is a system that uses a mixture of water-based and oil-based dyes. Whether it is used in home printers or commercial printers, it can get good print quality. The ability to reduce the area of ​​ink droplet ejection and the integrated circuit circulation technology are expected to make ink droplets of inkjet printers using this technology smaller in volume and eject ink droplets more frequently in the future. Low operating frequency, high nozzle count and single printing resolution are the basic elements of high-speed printing. Therefore, the foam inkjet technology can increase the printing speed and improve the working efficiency of the printer. The constantly integrated circuit technology also allows the foam inkjet technology to continue to reduce costs while optimizing the entire printing process.
At present, the total number of nozzles of the foaming print head can reach hundreds or even thousands. The diameter of each nozzle is equivalent to that of the hairline, and the capacity of the ejected ink droplet is at least 4pl. The ink heads of cyan, magenta and yellow inks are often integrated, and several small color ink droplets can be combined to form ink dots of different sizes, resulting in richer harmonic colors and smoother mesh tone. , And the black ink head is separate.
Because the ink cartridge and ink generate pressure under the action of hot bubbles, the ink cartridge must form an integrated structure with the nozzle, and the print head is updated at the same time when the ink cartridge is replaced. In this way, users no longer have to worry about clogging of the nozzle. However, this also makes the cost of consumables relatively expensive.
Ink heads using foaming technology work for a long time in high temperature and high pressure environment, the nozzle is corroded seriously, and it is easy to cause ink droplet splash and nozzle clogging. In terms of print quality, due to the heating of the ink during use, the ink is prone to chemical changes at high temperatures, the nature is unstable, and the color authenticity will be affected to a certain extent; on the other hand, the ink is ejected through bubbles The directionality and volume of ink particles are not easy to grasp, and the edges of the printed lines are easy to be uneven, which affects the print quality to a certain extent.
At present, there are many products using foaming technology, mainly products of companies such as Canon and HP.
Piezoelectric inkjet technology belongs to normal temperature and pressure printing technology. It places many small piezoelectric ceramics near the nozzle of the print head. The piezoelectric ceramics have the characteristics of expansion or contraction deformation under the effect of voltage changes at both ends. When the image information voltage is increased When the piezoelectric ceramic is applied, the stretching vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic will change with the change of the image information voltage, and the ink in the ink head will eject the ink uniformly and accurately under the steady state of normal temperature and pressure.
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Compared with the foaming technology, the piezoelectric inkjet technology has regular ink dot shape, no sputtering, controllable ink dot size, controllable ejection speed, accurate positioning, more inks with different chemical compositions can be selected, corrosion opportunities are reduced, The advantages of extended nozzle life, etc., can also use pigment ink to prevent discoloration and fading caused by ultraviolet radiation. The ink specially developed for piezoelectric technology has dissolution and quick-drying properties, can quickly penetrate into the paper, has no burrs, and does not bloom, especially on inkjet paper and glossy paper, and the print quality is very good.
On the basis of piezoelectric technology, the relevant manufacturers have developed Micro Piezo Technology (Micro Piezo Technology), which has stronger control of ink droplets. The amount of ink ejected using this technology is only 1/3 of the usual. It can be as small as 2pl, and the shape of the ink droplet particles is more regular, more accurate positioning, the print resolution is improved, it is easy to achieve high-precision printing, and the micro piezoelectric inkjet does not need to be heated, and the ink will not undergo chemical changes due to heat and decrease. The requirements for ink.
The cost of inkjet print heads made with piezoelectric technology is relatively high, but due to the low pressure in the micro piezoelectric ink head, the nozzle is actually replaced by a piezoelectric ceramic wafer. In the micro piezoelectric ink head, the nozzle and the ink cartridge are of a separate structure, and one nozzle can support multiple ink cartridges. As long as the ink cartridge is replaced when replacing the ink, it is not necessary to replace the print head. Of course, after the ink head of the piezoelectric inkjet printer is clogged, a lot of ink has to be wasted to clean the ink head. Every time you replace the ink head, you must first waste 30% of the ink to clean the ink head. It takes 2 to 3 minutes to clean every time you turn on the machine, and also waste some ink. When the gas volume device requires the user to replace the ink cartridge, 17% to 25% of the ink remains.
The main use of piezoelectric inkjet technology is Epson inkjet printers.
Foaming technology and piezoelectric technology have their own advantages and disadvantages. Most inkjet devices on the market are based on these two technologies. However, to improve the printing effect and printing speed of inkjet printers, it is not enough to work hard only on the inkjet method. Also-make an essay on ink droplets
The technical development of improving the quality of color inkjet printing has gone through several stages: the first stage is to pursue resolution; the second stage is to increase the level of color in the image after the resolution reaches a certain level, some products use an increase in the number of ink drops Method to improve print quality; the third stage is to use tiny ink drop technology.
Tiny ink drop technology
The ink droplet volume of color inkjet printers has been decreasing. From 6pl to 2pl, the obvious change brought by the tiny ink drop technology is to enhance the printer's ability to express the details of the output photos, improve the fineness of the image, and reduce the graininess. However, the reduction of ink droplets naturally brings about a reduction in printing speed. For this reason, various manufacturers have also taken certain measures to ensure that the printing speed is not reduced while improving the printing quality.
In addition, while implementing tiny ink droplets, manufacturers began to pay attention to improving the shape of ink droplets in their products to make them more regular. For example, Canon uses star nozzles in some products, while some Epson products use round nozzles.
Intelligent ink drop conversion technology
Epson ’s Variable-Size Droplet Technology can analyze the color composition of each area of ​​the image, and generate ink droplets of different sizes by adjusting the signal size of the driving piezoelectric crystal, which can eject large, Three kinds of medium and small ink droplets, let them perform their duties, forming a variety of output combinations, so that the color of the printed image becomes soft and natural, and the dark areas will not become rough due to large ink droplet printing, because the printer will Add some small ink droplets and light ink droplets to the dark areas that are mainly printed with large ink droplets. Since the volume of the smallest ink droplet reaches 2pl, and the ink used is only 1/4 of the density of ordinary ink, each ink droplet ejected attaches to the medium with only 1pl of ink dots, and the output level is more distinct. Improve the quality of output while taking into account the speed of output.
Ink drop adjustment technology
Canon innovated inkjet technology by improving the print head. The new print head is designed with two heaters, one of which ejects small ink droplets or two heaters together eject a common ink droplet size ink droplet. Ink droplets of different sizes are ejected on a printing line, so that the printer can reduce the ink overlap when composing graphics and text, so as to improve the clarity of printing at a certain resolution and produce more detailed and more contrast High image. Although this technology does not enhance the resolution as a whole, it can reduce the graininess of color and improve the output quality of photo images.
Fine photo printing technology
PrecisionPhoto technology was developed by Lexmark. Color cartridges using PrecisionPhoto fine photo printing technology use "dual nozzle" technology, that is, a nozzle that ejects 10pl ink droplets and another nozzle that ejects 3pl ink droplets, which makes the print column (printing area) longer than before and increases the resolution to 4800dpi × 1200dpi, the smaller ink droplet size can show clearer images and sharper details and more information. In the image showing the color transition, no streaks and jumps are seen. In order to coordinate the relationship between print quality and speed, PrecisionPhoto technology allows the printer driver to automatically select the most suitable ink dot size according to each area of ​​the printed file, and achieve the best print quality in the shortest printing time as possible.
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Excimer laser cutting print head technology
The excimer laser cutting head technology used by Lexmark can combine the inkjet hole and the pressurized chamber of the ink to the nozzle into one, realizing a precise processing technology with a nozzle diameter of only 1 μm. The precise nozzle can effectively reduce the ink droplets ejected, the ink is ejected more smoothly, the ink dots are smaller and it is not easy to spread, making the printing effect clearer and more delicate. The highest printing accuracy of color and black and white has reached 1200dpi × 1200dpi.
Endless pursuit of quality
In the field of color output, the reason why the inkjet whirlwind is getting more and more prosperous is probably because of its superior color expression, image clarity, tone level and fineness of the picture. The requirements for photo-level output are similar. The focus of the development of various inkjet printing technologies is print quality.
Resolution Enhancement Technology
Resolution enhancement technology (Ret) is used to increase the resolution without slowing down the speed of the inkjet printer. Ret technology allows the printer to automatically fill in smaller points between the edges, points, and points of the curve through precise mathematical calculations, and rely on multiple close repairs to create smoother edges. For example, in order to reduce the huge database that the computer must process and send to the printer, Ret sent 300dpi instead of a full 600dpi dot matrix image to the printer. Then Ret simply executes a value of 300 to 600 dpi. Then apply Ret to the adjacent area of ​​each 600dpi color point, add or remove the adjacent color point to achieve 600dpi reproduction, and have smooth and clear edges. Ret minimizes the amount of calculations and communications that must be performed by the host computer, while providing the true quality of text and black graphics. This results in a higher output of dot-matrix graphics files and requires less printer memory.
Color tone enhancement technology
The so-called gradation number is the number of colors that can be printed directly on each point (pixel). The traditional technology makes the ink droplets only spray and non-spray (that is, there are ink droplets and no ink droplets). The inkjet printers using traditional three-color ink cartridges can only produce 8 levels of color, and other colors must pass CMYK Mixed in different proportions.
C-Ret gradation enhancement technology can make the printer produce smaller ink droplets. The printer can spray multiple ink droplets on the same pixel area, which can produce vivid colors and clear and sharp black text without sacrificing too much Print speed. Using C-Ret technology, about 30 different colors can be produced in each pixel, using primary color ink droplets to spray into 4 different levels in each pixel, no inkjet water (colorless); spray 1 ink Drops (light color); spray 2 ink drops (darker); spray 3 ink drops (saturated primary color). Through the combination of color ink and black ink, the difference in color depth can be produced, and the expression of gray scale is also clear and uniform, so that the ink dots enter the era of color scale.
Fuli Technology
Photo gradation enhancement technology (PhotoRet, or "Full Picture" technology) is mainly used in HP's printing products. Fuli Technology uses a unique method of arranging ink droplets. With the special ink, more ink droplets can be ejected at each point, so that the number of expressed gradations is greatly improved. Taking the fourth-generation Fuli technology as an example, six-color ink is used for printing. On the basis of three colors, a special photographic ink with less colorants or dyes is added, so that the ink can produce lighter chroma. This special photographic ink includes light magenta, light cyan and black inks. The ink system uses both standard ink cartridges and special photo ink cartridges, enabling the printer to print out highly saturated and lighter-colored realistic colors. This technology can accurately layer at each point, stack up to 32 drops of ink, the size of the ejected ink droplet is smaller, only 4 ~ 5pl, 6 color combinations can directly generate more than 1.2 million effective colors, can provide color Continuous, non-grainy photo-quality images. Without sacrificing the speed of the CPU, at the same time get more ink dots, get satisfactory printing results on plain paper, and save ink.
Intelligent color enhancement technology
Intelligent color enhancement technology includes intelligent focus, automatic contrast enhancement (ACE), sRGB support, etc. Through a series of intelligent processing, users can print the best results on various printing media without having to adjust various printing parameters. : Intelligent focus technology enables printing to use low-resolution images to automatically "synthesize" or generate higher-resolution images using a dedicated algorithm, without having to manually increase the image resolution or slow down the printing speed to make the image clearer and edge More clear; the automatic contrast enhancement (ACE) algorithm can make the color of the image obtained in poor lighting conditions brighter and clearer details; sRGB (standard red, green and blue) color is used to ensure that from the Web page, application software, display And the consistency of the image color of the peripheral input and output.
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Second-generation intelligent color technology
The second generation of Smart Color Technology (Color Smart II) is composed of 3 parts: Smart Focus technology, sRGB color industry standard technology support and enhanced MMX multimedia processing technology. As long as Color Smart II technology is selected, you can directly press the print button. Color Smartâ…¡ sets the parameters corresponding to printing according to the best optimization method, and automatically adjusts the color for the user. This is especially convenient when printing comprehensive documents with images, text, and charts.
Image optimization technology
In general, when an image with a small size and a low resolution is enlarged, all pixels in the image are enlarged proportionally, and the gaps and spaces between the points are naturally enlarged. The slight defects in the original image are magnified to the extent that they affect vision. Image optimization technology can automatically optimize the image according to the color and transition of the surrounding pixels when printing low-resolution images, sharpen the rough edges, and then use the maximum resolution that the printer can provide in the printer上 Output.
Plain paper optimization technology
Plain paper optimizer printing technology P-POP (Plain Paper Optimizer) can effectively avoid the spread of ink on plain paper. Cartridges that use plain paper optimization technology contain a unique liquid called "ink optimization fluid." During printing, the ink optimization liquid is first sprayed onto the paper, and then the ink ejected from the printer nozzle reacts with the ink optimization liquid, causing the pigment in the ink to condense. The ink optimization fluid penetrates into the paper to prevent the ink from spreading in the paper. In this way, the edges of the printed text and graphics are very clear, and because the ink is fixed on the surface of the paper instead of penetrating into the paper, the print will not disappear as soon as it encounters water.
Multiple color control technology
Previous inkjet printers sprayed standard cyan, magenta, yellow, and black inks on the paper 100%, which means that every printed dot is full color, so the printed image lacks smoothness between tones Transition. Now the ink droplets are getting smaller and smaller, each pixel can eject multiple ink droplets, which makes multiple color control possible. Multi-color control technology can make the image color richer and more vivid, the color expression is more accurate, and the image layering is stronger.
Canon's quadruple color control technology focuses on color and print level control. On the basis of four-color inks, three more photo inks were created to achieve seven-color printing. It can dilute inks of different colors by 2/3 (according to actual needs, black is diluted by half, and the human eye cannot easily distinguish the color density of yellow without dilution), so that each pixel can have colorless, 1 / The change of 3 colors, 2/3 colors and full color, subtly express the transition of the color tone of the picture. So that the six-color inkjet printer has 33 color combinations and control capabilities, and each color has 256 nozzles, the hardware resolution can reach 1200dpi × 1200dpi, so that you can more clearly show the slight changes in color and The color saturation in the middle of the perfect image, the transition of tones is more delicate and natural. There is also a 25-tone printing technology, which uses 7-color inks to print and combine up to 25 levels of tones, which can more clearly express subtle changes in colors and perfectly reproduce the middle tones of the image.
Fine image halftone adjustment technology
Acuphoto Halftoning technology can vividly and realistically convert the light spot composed of three primary colors (RGB) on the screen into CMYK four-color output required for accurate color image printing. Using the principle of photo screen printing, the RGB light points are quickly memorized into the driver, and then the error diffusion halftone control is performed according to a suitable algorithm to produce smooth tone changes and subtle textures and textures, improving the image of the printer The ability to export sexually.
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True color reproduction technology
Natural Color Technology (Natural Color Technology) can perfectly express the brightness and vivid colors that cannot be expressed by ordinary digital cameras, scanners and screens.
Web Smoothing technology
Due to the low resolution of the pictures on the webpage, uneven patches often appear on the color boundary of the printed image. Lexmark's Web Smoothing image enhancement technology solves the problem of webpage printing well. It uses a very clever algorithm to stretch the image. This algorithm does not simply copy the original color of each patch, but uses a few of the original pixels to estimate the color of each stretched pixel patch, that is to say, an original pixel is stretched outward. At times, the effect it produces is not necessarily determined by itself, but is largely affected by the original pixels around it (especially near the boundary of the color). Under the joint influence of the colors of these original pixels, the colors of the newly generated pixels are determined. This technology enhances the smoothness of the image boundary and makes the printed web page image very clear.
Racing inkjet
In the traditional concept of people, quality and speed are a pair of contradictions, "fish" and "bear paw" can not have both, high-quality output is often at the expense of speed. In a modern society with a high rhythm and a high level, inkjet printers must have both high quality and high speed to meet the demand. Therefore, while improving the quality of new inkjet technology, it is also necessary to increase the output speed.
True color reproduction technology
Dual cartridge technology
Canon's dual-cartridge design can output higher-quality pictures, greatly speed up printing, and increase printer flexibility. The dual-cartridge design is generally aimed at several types of tasks, such as color text printing, the highest quality photo-level printing, high-quality fast color printing, fast black printing, etc. The dual ink cartridge design can also use black or color ink cartridges alone, can also be used together, or even reused. Therefore, compared with the traditional single ink cartridge (single nozzle) equipment, this technology can avoid the trouble of repeatedly replacing the color and black ink cartridges, and improve the printing speed. During text printing, only black ink cartridges can be used through software control to achieve better economic output.
CCS technology
Generally, the printing process of wide format printing is divided into two parts, namely, the process of ink being sucked from the ink cartridge and the process of ink printing in the print head. These two processes are not synchronized, but first absorb ink and then print, and then absorb The ink is reprinted, resulting in an intermittent process between ink absorption and printing, which not only affects the print output speed, but also causes intermittent print marks in the color output. CCS technology (Continuous Charging System) overcomes this shortcoming. Ink can be continuously delivered from the ink cartridge to the print head, and the print head can continuously print the task in one go, so that it can be uninterrupted even during the printing process. Blotting. The CCS technology allows the two processes of ink absorption and printing to be performed simultaneously, which not only provides a faster printing speed, but also obtains smoother image edges.
JetExpress printing technology
JetExpress technology is a new technology that uses a wider print head, increases the number of nozzles, and is used to improve the wide-format printing speed and print quality. The wide format spraying with JetExpress technology generally has 4 print heads, each print head has 524 nozzles, and the coverage of the print nozzles per spray stroke is about 0.85 inches. In addition, the modular ink system composed of JetExpress technology is composed of multiple print heads and independent off-axis ink cartridges, which can make the printer eject millions of ink droplets per second, greatly increasing the printing speed.
CrystalJet printing technology
CrystalJet printing technology is also a new technology designed to solve many problems related to inkjet technology such as print quality, print speed, print resolution and user costs. It is also one of the ultra-fine piezoelectric inkjet technology, but it is superior to other piezoelectric technologies. It is a multi-technology hybrid form, which combines the characteristics of continuous inkjet printing and on-demand inkjet printing. Because there are no problems such as cross-channel electrical interference and ink precipitation, the emission rate of the print head is greatly increased, and ink droplets with perfect shapes can be emitted without causing fogging on the medium. The user can choose the size of the ink droplets And quantity, which means that you can freely implement functions such as variable resolution printing and gradient tone image printing, and also enable CrystalJet printheads to achieve higher ink drop rate, accurate ink drop volume control, and a wider range of inks. Viscosity selection.
Bidirectional printing
Bidirectional printing can significantly improve the printing speed, but if the ink head positioning is not accurate, it will affect the printing quality. With the improvement of ink head positioning technology, some new products have achieved bidirectional printing in photo printing and high-quality printing modes. The two-way printing function actually adds a synchronous controller to the left and right of the printing guide, which can ensure the accuracy of the image connection during the printing process, which not only improves the printing speed, but also improves the image quality.
As inkjet printers are increasingly entering the modern social life, the major manufacturers are operating independently, and they are constantly sending out "swordsmen" with unique skills to compete for a more detailed market. For the competition between them, the biggest beneficiaries are office users, digital proofing, photography, large-format inkjet printing, and even short-run printing and other industry users and home users.
Through these technologies introduced above, it is not difficult to see that the innovation of inkjet technology and the focus of improvement are nothing more than the fineness of ink droplets, the color levels that can be expressed, the number of colors, the sharpness of images, and the printing speed. Therefore, people in the related industries predict that the development of inkjet printers will develop toward true color, multi-function, and high speed.
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