In the movie "Zodiac", the actor put on a pair of special scanning gloves and carefully touched the bronze statue of the dog's head in Yuanmingyuan. The backstage 3D printer made an identical imitation dog head in a short while. At the Shanghai International Printing Week 2013, which opened recently, the Kizil New Cave 1 in Xinjiang, which was excavated in the 7th century, came to the exhibition site in a similar way. Two of the half-body statues of heaven and man were from the scene. Hand of color 3D printer. This brand-new way of creation provides an innovative way for the restoration and protection of three-dimensional cultural relics.
"In a while" in the movie is actually a fast shot. Two half-human-tall figures of Heaven and Man statues were printed for 7 days and 7 nights with an error of less than 1 mm. The project leader, Li Chengzhong, a senior consultant of Shanghai Printing (Group) Co., Ltd., told reporters that due to the limitations of the current 3D printer printing size, the two statues were divided into 7 pieces when printing. Due to the high cost of printing materials, the printed statue is hollow-a 2 cm thick gypsum liner with a 1 mm layer of colored glue on the outside. During the subsequent splicing process, the staff filled it with foam plastic. Although the finished product already has colors, the color of the 3D printer itself is only 390,000 colors, which is not enough to show the artistic style of the statue. To this end, the project team first performed on-site color correction, and then invited local painters in Xinjiang to paint. In this way, the printed statue is highly consistent with the original in terms of spatial form and color reproduction, and truly achieves both "divine form".
Compared with manual copying, 3D printing looks much simpler and easier, but in fact, more laborious work is still before printing. As early as March of this year, the project team entered the Kizil New Cave 1 and used a high-precision scanner for 45 days of data collection. In addition to the spatial three-dimensional scanning to collect structural data, the use of planar scanning for color comparison is also quite cumbersome. It is of great significance to the fidelity of reproduction, especially the restoration of murals in caves.
In the back room of the new cave 1 at the exhibition site, the line, color and texture of the "Flying" mural above the head are seamless, even the texture of the weathered and peeling mud on the wall, and the simple color of the murals that have been oxidized and faded over the years Incisively. It can be touched by hand, and the whole mural printed on rice paper is smooth and smooth without any mottled roughness. Li Chengzhong said that this benefited from the company's accumulated high-precision printing technology and color management technology.
The statues and murals can be printed, so how is the cave body nearly 2 meters high constructed? Li Chengzhong called it "slicing technology", that is, on the basis of the previous data collection, the plywood was cut with a laser to cut out the uneven contours, and then a layer of cement mortar was paste, the error was about 2 cm.
Guizi, Xinjiang was once an important hub on the ancient Silk Road. As a famous Buddhist site in China, the Qizi Grottoes are centered on the Kizil Grottoes, including the nine major cave groups. After thousands of years of historical wear and tear, most of the front rooms of the grotto collapsed, the main room and the back room were seriously damaged, and the exquisite murals of more than 20,000 square meters faded and peeled off. How to save has become a technical problem in the cultural relics protection department.
In 2011, Shanghai Printing (Group) Co., Ltd. cooperated with Xinjiang Qizi Research Institute to carry out the project "Digital Protection and High Precision Restoration of Qizi Grottoes". The project team took Kizil Cave 17, the most representative grotto in the area as a prototype, from the data collection of the flat murals to the 3D scanning and modeling of the grotto structure. An in-built "clone" was created in Shanghai last summer The ancient caves with frescoes have achieved a perfect combination of technology and culture. On this basis, this year, the two sides launched the "Xinjiang Kizil New Cave 1 (partial) 3D printing restoration project".
Shen Jianyi, general manager of Shanghai Printing (Group) Co., Ltd., said that the integration of data collection, digital printing and 3D printing technology in the protection and restoration of cultural relics has no precedent in China, and it has only been tried and accumulated again and again. Right now, these explorations have attracted the attention of the cultural relics and art departments. According to reports, the Printing Group is working with the China Art Palace to collect data on the exhibits in order to provide data references for future restorations. In addition, the two parties are also expected to 3D print imitation restoration of some high-value clay sculpture works and display them externally.
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