Camellia plant introduction
Camellia (scientific name: Camelliajaponica L.), also known as Camellia, is a Camellia family, a Camellia plant, the ancient name of the sea pomegranate, a warm and humid environment. The flowering period is long, from October to May, and the flowering period is usually in January-March. The petals are in the shape of a bowl, which is divided into single or double petals. The single-flowered camellia is mostly the original flower species, and the petals of the double-flowered camellia can be as many as 60 pieces. Camellia has different degrees of red, purple, white and yellow flowers, and even color-spotted camellia, and the flower branches can reach up to 4 meters.
Because of its beautiful shape, the leaves are thick green and lustrous, and the flowers are colorful and colorful, which is cherished by the world horticultural community. There are many varieties of Camellia, which are traditional Chinese ornamental flowers. It ranks eighth among the “Top Ten Famous Flowers†​​and is also one of the world's most valuable flowers and trees. It is native to eastern China and is widely grown in the Yangtze River Valley, the Pearl River Basin and Yunnan, North Korea, Japan, Taiwan and India.
Camellia morphological characteristics
Camellia is a shrub or small tree plant, 9 meters high, and the branches are glabrous. Leaves leathery, elliptic, 5-10 cm long, 2.5-5 cm wide, apex slightly pointed, or acutely shortly pointed and blunt-tipped, base broadly cuneate, dark green on top, bright, glabrous, glabrous , hairless, lateral veins 7-8 pairs, can be seen on both upper and lower sides, the edges have fine serrations separated by 2-3.5 cm. Petiole 8-15 mm long, glabrous.
Flowers terminal, red, sessile; sepals and sepals ca. 10, ca. 2.5-3 cm cup-shaped quilts, semi-circular to round, 4-20 mm long, pubescent outside, glabrescent; 6-7-piece petals, 2 laterally oblong, abaxially ± 2 cm long, pubescently pubescently pubescently pubescently pubescently pubescently pubescent. 3 rounds, ca. 2.5-3 cm long, filaments at base of outer filaments, filament tube 1.5 cm long, glabrous; inner stamens free, slightly shorter, ovate glabrous, ca. 2.5 cm long, apex 3-lobed.
Capsules are spherical, 2.5-3 cm in diameter, 2-3 chambers, with 1-2 seeds per chamber, 3 爿 split, fruit thick wood. Flowering period from January to April. [1] The cultivar Camellia has a longer flowering period, generally starting from October, ending in May of the next year, and 1-3 months in full bloom.
The beautiful branches are green and colorful, the flowers are beautiful and colorful, the flowers are elegant and multi-faceted, the smell is fragrant and the variety is varied. Most of the flowers are red or reddish, and there are also white and mostly double petals.
Camellia growth habit
Camellia is fearful of wind and sun, high ground, air circulation, warm and humid, well-drained, loose and fertile sandy loam, loess or humus. The best pH is 5.5-6.5. The temperature is between 20-32 ° C. When the temperature is above 29 ° C, the growth stops. At 35 ° C, the leaves will have a burning phenomenon, which requires a certain temperature difference. The ambient humidity is above 70%, most of the varieties can withstand -8 °C low temperature (natural wintering, cloud tea is not cold-resistant), in the south of the Huaihe River, it is generally natural to over-winter acid soil, and requires better gas permeability.
The root hair development is usually cultivated with peat, rot sawn, red clay, humus, or a mixed substrate of the above. Camellia spring and autumn and winter can not be shaded, 50% shading in summer.
Camellia area distribution
Mainly distributed in China and Japan. There are many open fields in the central and southern provinces of China, with a cultivation history of 1400 years, and greenhouse cultivation in the north. There are wild species in Sichuan, Taiwan, Shandong, and Jiangxi.
Main varieties of camellia
There are about 2,000 varieties of Camellia, which can be divided into 3 categories and 12 patterns. In 2013, there were more than 306 varieties of Chinese camellia.
There are 19 varieties of Camellia in "Flower Mirror": Agate Tea, Heding Red, Baozhu Tea, Banana White Baozhu, Yangchao Tea, Zhenggong Powder, Pomegranate Tea, Yihonghong, Zhaodianhong, Late Camellia, Nanshan Tea, etc. . There are many types of camellia, such as single-lobed, half-double, double-valve, curved, five-star, hexagonal, and loose-shell.
Flowers have red, yellow, white, pink, and even white petals and other colors:
Single petal
Petals 1-2 rounds, 5-7 pieces, basal continuous, mostly tubular, firm. There is only one type underneath, that is, a single-lobed type.
Big flower golden heart: cultivar of camellia. Leaves elliptic, margin serrate. The flowers are solitary, the colors are red, and the flowers are small. Flowering period from March to April.
Weeping gold heart: cultivar of camellia. Leaves oval. The branches are soft and drooping. Spring flowering, red.
Purple flower gold heart: cultivar of camellia. The flower buds are heart-shaped and the flowers are purple. Flowering in February.
Sai Jinguang: Cultivar of Camellia. The leaves are oblong, curly, and the tips of the leaves are drooping. The flowers are multi-colored, with pink dots on the white background and occasional pink flowers. The flower battalion is oval. Flowering period from December to January.
Beauty Tea: A cultivar of Camellia. The leaves are elliptical, shiny, and the leaves are bluntly serrated and thin. The color is red or water red, trumpet-shaped, and more flowering period from January to April.
Double flap
The petals are 3-5 rounds, about 20 pieces, and nearly 50 pieces. It is divided into four types, namely, double-valve type, five-star type, lotus type, and pine ball type.
Red peony: cultivar of camellia. Leaves elliptic, apex acute, slightly axillate, apically serrate. Flowers pink or red. Flowering period from March to April.
Pine nuts: cultivars of camellia. The twig is purple. The leaves are oval, green, and pointed. The flowers are red and slightly darker. Flowering period 3-4 months or December to March next year.
Oriental Bright: The variety of camellia. The leaves are dark green, bright, and the leaves are bluntly serrated. The flower is soft and red, and it is fleshy white. Flowering period from January to March.
Double flap
Most of the stamens are petalized, the petals naturally increase, and the number of petals is more than 50. It is divided into 7 types, namely, tonggui type, chrysanthemum type, hibiscus type, crown type, hydrangea type, radial type, and rose type. Whole lychee: cultivar of camellia. The leaves are obovate and the edges are finely serrated. The flower is big red. Flowering period from March to April.
Bai Baozhu: Camellia cultivar. The branches are tender and drooping. Leaflet oval. The flowers are pure white. Flowering period 2-3 months.
Flower peony: cultivar of camellia. The leaves are dark green, oval, with yellow spots on the leaves. The flower has a bright red background and white patches are sprinkled. Flowering from November to January.
White hibiscus: the cultivar of camellia. The flower is white with red striped spots and colorful. Flowering period 2-4 months.
Wish: The cultivar of camellia. New varieties. Flowers pale pink, double petals, medium flowers. In the flowering period.
Mrs. Kay: A variant of camellia. The new leaves are reddish with erythema or cloud spots. Medium to large flowers with small serrations of petals. In the flowering period.
Camellia reproduction
Camellia has many breeding methods, and both sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction can be used. Among them, cutting and abutting are the most common.
Cutting
This method is the easiest, and the cutting time is most suitable for September, and spring is also available. Choose well-grown, semi-lignified branches, remove the base leaves, retain the upper 3 leaves, cut into oblique grooves with a sharp knife, immediately immerse the incision in 200-500ppm succinic acid for 5-15 minutes, dry and insert into the sand basin or In the ochre basin, the wound is healed after about 40 days of watering, and rooting takes place in about 60 days. After treatment with hormones, the cuttings are rooted 2-3 months earlier than without hormones. Using vermiculite as a bed, the roots are much faster than the sand bed.
Reach
Choose the appropriate variety, such as tea or tea, as a rootstock, and rely on expensive tea. The time of docking is generally between the Ching Ming Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival. First plant the rootstock in the pot, use a knife to cut about half of the joint to be combined, the cut should be smooth, then make the cuts of both sides close together, wrap it with plastic film, pour the roots twice a day, 60 days later It can heal. Planting can be cut off at the time and placed under the shade of the trees to avoid direct sunlight. In February of the next year, the tail of the rootstock was cut with a knife and planted again.
Leaf insertion
Leaf-flowering Camellia reproduction usually uses branch cutting propagation, but some valuable varieties are also affected by the source of the branches, or the tree shape is considered after taking the material, so the leaf insertion method is also adopted. The mountain mud is used as a cutting substrate, and 1/3 of the river sand can be mixed to facilitate ventilation and drainage. The substrate is contained in the tile basin and then inserted into the basin. The leaf insert is best carried out in the rainy season. The annual leaves are used as leaf inserting materials. It is too old to be rooted, too tender and easy to rot. Insert into the soil about 2 cm, squeeze the soil after the insertion, pour enough water, and then put it in a cool and ventilated place. Generally, the roots can be rooted in 3 months, and the spring can be germinated in the second year.
High insertion
The biggest feature of the high-altitude cutting method is that all the weak branches that should be trimmed on the camellia can be given to new life. Moreover, the survival rate of this method is high, rejuvenation is fast, and flowering is early. The method is: stripping the thin branches that need to be trimmed, and stripping them at appropriate positions (the upper part can be left with 15-25 cm branches) and the stripping length can be between 5-8 mm, and the plastic film of appropriate size is tied. The sterilized turf or humus soil is added to the membrane. After 7-10 days, the lower part of the plastic film is further stripped 5-8 mm. This is called double-ring stripping.
Tree connection
Camellia is a plant that is difficult to survive. Camellia has a variety of breeding methods, of which grafting is the most commonly used. Grafting and breeding camellia has many advantages: it can maintain the excellent traits of the variety; it can accelerate the growth of the plant, make it form quickly, and can produce on a large scale; saving the cuttings, especially for rare varieties with few spikes; Tea tree grafting camellia technology: grafting time is suitable from June to July. At this time, the new shoots of Camellia serrata have been unfolded, and the temperature is higher. The grafted wounds heal faster and the survival rate is high. The grafting method utilizes the cutting method in the grafting method. Due to the higher grafting position, it is often referred to as "high exchange head".
Camellia cultivation technique
Light temperature
Spring planting in the north of the Yangtze River is good, and autumn planting in the south of the Yangtze River is good. The ground plant should be well drained and have good water retention performance. Humus-rich sandy loam.
Camellia is a semi-negative flower that needs to be shaded in summer. After the fall, the temperature drops, and the camellia enters the flower bud differentiation stage, and the whole plant should be gradually exposed to sufficient light. In winter, the room should be placed in a sunny place. If the indoor light is too weak, the camellia grows poorly and is prone to pests and diseases. Camellia is a long-day plant. Flower buds can be formed in a 12-hour day environment. The optimum growth temperature is 18-25 ° C, and the optimum flowering temperature is 10-20 ° C. Above 35 ° C will burn the leaves. Not cold-resistant, should enter the room in winter, the temperature is maintained at 3-5 °C, can also endure the low temperature of -10 °C for a short time, but can not exceed 16 °C for a long time, otherwise it will promote germination and cause defoliation. The growth period should be placed in a semi-shade environment, and it is not suitable to receive strong direct sunlight. Especially in summer and autumn, you need to shade, or put a shade under the tree. Camellia is warm and afraid of cold. The room temperature should not be lower than 5 °C. In a room with a temperature between 10 ° C and 15 ° C, other measures are appropriate, the Spring Festival can be flowered, and the flowering period can be until March.
Watering and fertilizing
Camellia has higher requirements for fertilizer and water, and both neutral and alkaline loam are unfavorable for its growth. In the north, it is especially necessary to pay attention to the alkaline water after acidification treatment. The specific method is to store the tap water for 2 days, so that the chlorine gas in the water is volatilized, and then add appropriate amount of ferrous sulfate (about 0.5% of water). The amount of watering should not be too large, otherwise it will easily rot. Potting soil can not be dried, otherwise it will easily cause the roots to shrink due to water loss, so as to keep the soil and the surrounding environment moist. Do not spray water during the flowering period. Generally, the indoors are relatively dry in winter, and water should be sprayed frequently on the surface of the mountain tea to form a humid microclimate. But in the rainy days, avoid spraying water. Do not spray water on the flowers when watering, otherwise it will cause the flowers to be mild and shorten the flowering period. After the flower is thanked, the residual flowers are removed in time. Watering in winter depends on the indoor temperature, usually about 3 days, keeping the soil moist, avoiding water or pouring water. Use tap water in the bucket for a day or two to allow the chlorine to evaporate. It is best to put ferrous sulfate in the water to improve water quality.
Camellia is fat. Generally, in the upper basin or changing the basin, the base fertilizer is applied at the bottom of the basin. In the autumn and winter, due to the rapid development of flower buds, the decomposed pale liquid fertilizer should be poured once a week, and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied once or twice. The excessive nitrogen fertilizer makes the buds burn off. , can be applied less or not after flowering. Fertilization is better with thin sputum and water, avoid applying concentrated fertilizer. Generally, after spring germination, apply thin water every 17 days, apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in summer, stop fertilizer for about 1 month in early autumn, apply fertilizer water before flowering, and apply quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizer during flowering to make flowers more beautiful. The flowering period is long.
Plastic trim
The ground-planted camellia mainly cuts dry branches, weak branches, cross branches, and dense branches, which obviously affect the branches of trees and remove excess flower buds. In addition to the above work, potted camellia should be trimmed according to personal preference, but it should not be cut again because its growth potential is not strong.
Flowering control
Because camellia is not cold-resistant, delaying flowering is not very common. Generally, the flowering period is controlled by selecting varieties, temperature control, and hormone treatment. If you want to make the camellia "11" flowering, you can use the brush to lick 0.1% gibberellin in the middle of July or early August, apply it to the flower buds, and apply it once every 3 days. The fertilizer is managed normally. In September, the growth of flower buds determines whether or not to paint buds. If it is estimated that the "11" flowering is not insured, the number of buds can be increased, the amount of fertilizer and water can be increased, and the flower buds can be quickly grown, so that the "11" can see flowers.
Winter maintenance
Antifreeze and warmth When the temperature drops below 0 degrees Celsius, the potted camellia will be moved to the outdoor warm shelter from the wind, or placed in a plastic shed with three sides sealed and facing the sun. It can also be placed indoors, but it is required to be light and well ventilated. In the case of severe frost and frost, you should keep warm, and it is best to move the outdoor camellia indoors before suddenly cooling down. If it is placed outdoors, it should be covered with plastic film, newspaper or cloth at night.
Water and fertilizer management Camellia prefers a warm, humid environment, afraid of water accumulation. Watering before flowering should be based on the principle that the potting soil is not dried or poured, and the pouring is poured.
Spray the leaves once every 3-5 days with water at a temperature similar to room temperature to increase humidity and clean the surface dust. The amount of watering in the flowering period is suitable for seeing the wetness in the potting soil, and the suitable time for watering is sunny at noon. In winter, the buds of Camellia sinensis are inflated. Spraying 0.1% to 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution once a day, or applying a thin liquid fertilizer based on phosphorus and potassium (the ratio of fertilizer to water is 1:4). 1 time.
When other indoor flowers bloom in winter (the early flower varieties begin to bloom at the end of November, the general varieties bloom in 2-4 months), do not place them in places where the light is too strong or the temperature is too high, otherwise the flowers will be thanked. Excessive flower buds can be used to promote flowering and color, and to prolong flowering.
Pot plant instructions
Soil is the basis for the growth of potted camellia. Because the roots of Camellia depend on soil growth and development, the water and nutrients needed for Camellia life activities are mainly absorbed from the soil. Camellia prefers the mountain red (yellow) loam with acidity, high humus content and loose ventilation. The pH value is between 5 and 6.5. The alkaline soil or the viscous soil cannot be used as the potted camellia substrate. Soil preparation: 50% of mountain soil (cured red loam of crops), 40% of wood chips or edible fungus residue, 10% of cake fat powder or livestock manure and phosphate fertilizer powder, mix well, watering and bagging, 20 days in summer and autumn Above, more than 30 days in spring and winter, this soil is not only loose ventilation, but also preserves fertilizer and water, suitable for the growth and development of Camellia.
Pest control
The main diseases of Camellia include ring rot, anthracnose, blight, leaf spot, bituminous disease, etc. The main control agents are: 800 times of retort; 500 times of carbendazim; 800 times of chlorothalonil; Regular prevention and control, attention should be paid to the control of gray mold and flower blight before flowering.
Camellia insect pests are mainly red spiders, aphids, scale insects, leaf roller moths, and bridge-building insects. The main control agents are chlornamide 15mL + amphetamine 20mL or monocrotophos 25mL to 30 kg water spray.
Camellia main use
Ornamental value
Landscaping
Plant landscaping materials. Camellia is an evergreen green plant with a wide distribution and beautiful trees. It is one of the important plant landscaping materials in southern China.
1 Solitary planting: Using different natural tree shapes of camellia, it is planted in a green environment, especially with lawn greenery.
2 group planting: the use of camellia natural tree shape, high and low staggered, three or five groups, into a cluster into pieces, in order to highlight the landscape effect of camellia.
3 artificial plastic surgery: Camellia can also be artificially shaped for ornamental applications, such as: through the trimming and shaping of the mountain tea, the crown is made into a spherical shape, an umbrella shape, a cylindrical crown, a mountain tea wall tree type, and a flat sleeper type, so that the camellia The ground grows and spreads to the ground.
Wall trees are widely used in North America and North America. The camellia is planted outside the warm wall of the sun, and the climbing wall frame is attached to make the camellia branch rise along the wall and then cover the wall. It is quite spectacular.
4 bonsai shape: the old pile of dwarf camellia, usually with tea plum, according to the bonsai modeling method, with water stone, cute and chic. It is also useful for grafting old piles, which can be quick and colorful. Mr. Liu Maohua's experience is: the production of Camellia bonsai is based on the "Italian" to win. The Camellia bonsai is designed by people, and the art of the natural Camellia seedlings, the top, and the dew roots are skillfully processed. The feeling of being unrestrained and unrestrained. The bonsai is made from the camellia seedlings. The bonsai should be selected, the posture is straight, the body is full, the tree is complete and the branches are resistant to bending, and the level is basically clear. The camellia seedlings are mainly treated with trunk treatment, then branching, knotting, and finally dew root treatment. . The main trunk is processed into a shape such as a curved shape. In the production, according to the trend of the seedling material, a decisive trimming and artistic means is adopted, and when the branch is processed, the main branch is left with a main branch. The top is the main part of the performance dynamics and should be paid special attention. In the branching process, the tree shape must be symmetrical, light and heavy, and the length should be reasonable. In the entire bonsai layout of the tree stump, the artistic means of harmonizing the density, the falsehood, the revealing, the echo, the softness, the skillfulness, the thickness and the like should be adhered to. .
5 flower arrangement, cut flowers: Camellia is a good material for flower arrangement and cut flowers. It has a long flowering period, rich colors and flower shapes, and the leaves are dark and green. There are written records. Chinese Minggong uses tea as a bottle flower material. Flower decoration, Japan should have been influenced by China. Nowadays, the cultivation of camellia has become quite common. With the improvement of people's living standards, the use of cut flowers of camellia will become more and more widespread.
Greening
Because of the strong adaptability of camellia to light and temperature, as long as attention is paid to water and soil requirements, it can be combined in other plants in urban green spaces, parks and residential quarters, as well as in city squares, flower beds and green belts. The tree is full of splendor, and there is a great finishing touch.
Garden
Camellia is the most suitable garden for greening. From the cultural connotation, it is a traditional Ruihua Jiamu, an auspicious hi-tree. From the point of view of the form, the camellia is evergreen, and the trees are moderately shaped, planted in the ground, potted, and planted in flower beds. The Yunnan Camellia arbor type requires a large courtyard space to be planted, so there are more plants in the temples and colleges. The Bai people of Dali, where the family is flowing, and the households raise flowers, must first plant camellia, but mainly planted in pots or potted plants.
exhibition
Camellia can form the theme of the spring flower show, and it is very popular in various levels of flower and flower exhibitions. Hangzhou, Kunming, Dali, Chengdu, Wenzhou and other places have become similar, and camellia has become the theme of flower show every year. Flower exhibitions usually select venues that are conducive to the exhibition of camellia, mainly based on potted flowers, organized exhibitions and exhibitions in indoor and outdoor exhibition areas, and held academic conferences on mountain tea.
Special class garden
In the plant or horticultural research departments at home and abroad, in the relevant landscape areas, the Camellia Plant Specialized Garden is often opened for research on taxonomy, ecology and horticulture of Camellia plants. Most have an open exhibition function.
China is known as the Camellia Plant of Kunming Institute of Botany, with many varieties, high age and large scale. The mountain tea garden in the Golden Temple Garden Botanical Garden has become a first-class Yunnan Camellia Specialized Garden. The ancient city of Dali has a large number of private mountain tea garden groups. Yangjia Garden and his adjacent Zhaojia Garden are the most famous. The latter was planned to be transformed into the Dali Camellia variety base in 1986.
In East China, the Camellia Plantation of Hangzhou Botanical Garden, the Subtropical Forestry Science Research Institute of Zhejiang Fuyang Chinese Academy of Forestry, the Forestry Institute of Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, and the Forestry Institute of Changsha, Hunan Province, as well as the tea garden of Wenzhou and the international community of Jinhua Zhuma Township The Camellia Species Garden has a large variety of Camellia varieties and tea varieties for visit and inspection. The Jinhua Tea Reserve and Variety Park established in Nanning and Guilin, Guangxi, also have considerable scale.
Landscape area
Refers to the macroscopic scene of a large area of ​​Camellia natural community or artificial cultivation community, such as the spectacular scene of the safflower oil tea forest in the eastern slope of Gaoligong, Yunnan, the magical landscape of Guangxi Jinhuacha Reserve, the flowering of Camellia oleifera in Jiangxi and Hunan The scenery of the time, as well as the rare island-type camellia ecological landscape on the coastal islands of Shandong Peninsula, are the places that the camellia workers yearn for.
Medical value
The medicinal value of camellia was first seen in Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" in the Ming Dynasty. The famous herbal medicine Wu Yiluo of Qing Emperor Qianlong's "Materia Medica from New" has been detailed: "Camellia micro-simple, sweet cold, cool blood. Treating spit and intestines and blood, The soup, the fire burns (the sesame oil is applied), the red one. The child and the woman are straight, and the powder is mixed."
Wu Qichen (1849)'s "The Plant Name Map" is described in Volume 35: "Camellia, the Compendium of Materia Medica, the Wasteland, the edible leaf and the tea, and the single-petal, used for oil extraction, mountainous Flowering. Treatment of blood."
In the southwestern region, folk camel flower buds are often used for medicinal purposes, and red orbose tea flowers are regarded as medicinal camellia. Other camellia also have a similar effect. Camellia contains flower white sputum and flower color sputum and other hemostasis agents, has the function of stopping bleeding, dilating phlegm and swelling, attending hemoptysis, nosebleed, gastrointestinal blood, uterine bleeding and burns, burns, bruises, traumatic bleeding and other symptoms. Sparkling wine into camellia wine, or adding glutinous rice porridge when cooking porridge, to cure phlegm.
Efficacy and function
Cool blood to stop bleeding; dilated phlegm; The main vomiting blood; blood stasis; hemoptysis; blood in the stool; blood stasis; red blood stasis; bloody; blood collapse; under the belt; burns; For vomiting blood, blood stasis, blood in the stool, blood stasis; external treatment of burns, traumatic bleeding.
1 Zhu Zhenheng: vomiting blood, blood stasis, intestinal wind and blood, and use the red for the end, into the nursery rhymes, ginger juice and wine transfer service, can be turmeric.
2 "Outline": soup fire burns, research sesame oil transfer.
3 "Medical Lin Yao Yao": liver and liver, blood and heat.
4 "Hundred Grass Mirror": cooling blood, breaking blood, stopping bleeding. Eliminate swelling and puff, break for a long time, intestinal wind, bloody, bloody nose, vomiting blood; external application of hemorrhoids.
5 "Materia Medica renewed": cure blood, regulate intestinal wind, clear liver fire, run lung and nourish Yin.
Attached
1 treatment of vomiting blood cough: a Baozhushan tea, tiled black, red sugar, daily service is not limited. There are ten Baoshan Camellia, five red flowers, one or two white dates, and four red dates. Shuijian a bowl of served, slag and then served, red dates are also taken from time to time. (Wang Yugui's "No Medicine")
2 treatment of red peony: Dahong Baozhu Camellia, dry for the end, add white sugar and mix well, steamed three or four times on the rice cooker. ("Lifesaving Bitter Sea")
3 treatment of hemorrhoids hemorrhage: Baozhu Camellia, research and rushing. ("The Compendium")
4 treatment of nipples flowering, pain, abnormal: Baozhushan tea, roasting for the end, with sesame oil teasing. ("The Compendium")
Camellia planting history
Three countries
The cultivation history of Camellia in China can be traced back to the Shuhan period (221-263 AD). At that time, people were very concerned about the status of camellia. Camellia was listed as "seven products and three lives." According to the data, there are more than 20,000 varieties of Camellia registered in the world. There are 883 varieties of camellia in China.
In the Three Kingdoms era, camellia has been artificially cultivated. However, until the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Sui Dynasty, the imperial courts and aristocratic gardens were still planted in the wild, and the flowers were single-petal red. At that time, the literature on camellia and the literati's "Camellia" and "Hailu" poems did not involve the name of the variety.
Tang and Song
The first record of Camellia in China was the "Pingquan Mountain Residence" written by Li Deyu (787-850) in the Tang Dynasty. "It is the age of the mountain and the mountain - Wutong Mountain." "Wutong Mountain" is a single flower. Today, the original red tea "Golden Heart Red" has been around 1200 years ago. In the Southern Song Dynasty, "Huiji Continued", when the "Wuhan Mountain" volume four "Camellia" article mentioned Wutong Mountain, said: "In Tang, only Huiji has it. Its species is everywhere in the world. "And said: "The flowers are bright and lovely, and durable. "Huiji, the ancient name of Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Jishan, the mountain range in the Huizhou.) This shows that the color of this flower is bright red, and the flowers are durable.
In the Song Dynasty, 15 varieties of camellia were recorded. Yuedan, Yuxi, Dusheng, Hedinghong, Huangxiang, Pink, Yuhuan, Red and White Leaves, Yuedan, Tusi, Yuxi, Taoye, Qikou Tea, Jade Tea, Chiba Tea.
Yuan Ming
In the Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368), Hao Jing's "Yue Dan" poem, this "Yue Dan" name has been mentioned in the Song Dynasty. Pu Daoyuan's "Spring Festival Evening Camellia begins to show the De Heng brother" poem: Qi Dan. This “渥丹†is the same kind of different name of “Yue Dan†or another variety. Only two varieties were proposed in the Yuan Dynasty.
There are 27 new varieties of Camellia recorded in the Ming Dynasty: Baozhu, Haijiao Tea, Pomegranate Tea, Licha Tea, Gongfen Tea, Zhuzhu Tea, Yihonghong, Chiba Red, Chiba White, Yangchao Tea Agate Tea, Anxiety Bai Baozhu, Jasmine Tea, Ningzhu Tea, Zhaodian Red, Qiancha, Xixi, Zhenggong Powder, Saigong Powder, Garlic Tea, Zhenzhu Tea, Yuncha, Sakaguchi, Pen Tube Tea, Jade Scale Tea, Water Black tea, Wukui tea, etc.
Qing Dynasty
There are 87 new varieties of camellia recorded in the Qing Dynasty. Namely: White 绫, Er Qiao, Dahong Baozhu, Guanyin White, White Pearl Tea, Pink Pearl Tea, Dried Dragon Red, Peony Red, Wubao, Autumn Color, Wicker, Lotus, Red Hexagon, White Baozhu, Dahongzhu Tea , Dahongshan tea, three bachelors, five hearts white, cashmere tea, green plum, tabby, elephant white, lichun red, small hexagon, dry dragon purple, dry dragon white, red dot white, white spot red, lotus lotus white, brocade Lotus red, Jinlian, Jiaolian, powder baby, silver red peony, Wang Hong, tortoise red, drunk hibiscus, Zhong Yihong, Zhong Yubai, Furong red, Zhong Rong eggplant, single-petal bell white red, single Petal bells, red, white, Chuanbai, Chuanhong, Yunlin Camellia, Lily Baozhu, Jade Scale, Babao, Baked Silver, Dahong, Dabai, Yulouchun, scratched face, pink tea, Jinyu Yintai, Drunken Yang , Yu Yiqing, old Yiqing, 18 Bachelor, Red Hexagon, White Hexagon, Red Peony, White Peony, Jiuqu, Tao Li Zhengchun, Green Peony, Snow Peony, Dabaihe, Xiaobaihe, Dongfangliang, Zhuhong Cake, Taige tea, flower butterfly, rose purple, peony snow, ink sunflower, sprinkling gold, Xi Shi evening dress, small peach red, ten brocade, impatiens tea, purple Floor, purple, lion head, Red Seven, White Seven.
Camellia plant culture
City flower
Camellia is a flower of Yunnan Province, Kunming City, Chongqing City, Ningbo City Flower, Yunnan Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture State Flower.
Camellia is the city flower of Ningbo. There are 50,000 mu of flower planting area and annual sales of more than 100 million yuan. In 1984, Ningbo Greening Office, Science Association and other units took the lead in organizing the development of Ningbo City Flower Awards. A total of 60,000 votes were issued and 13122 valid tickets were recovered. Among the flowers such as Camellia, Rhododendron and Rose, Camellia received 42.4% of the votes. The rate defeated the cuckoo and the rose, and was discussed by the mayor's office meeting and reported to the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress for approval. The Camellia won the reputation of the city flower. Camellia is deeply loved by the public and is rated as a city flower because of its own advantages. Camellia is suitable for cultivation in Ningbo, it is very cold-resistant, and generally can withstand low temperatures of minus 10 °C. Camellia is open at the end of the winter and early spring of each year. There is a poem saying that 'the mountain is not spring, the spring is returning to the flowering time', and it is said that when the camellia is open, the flower is dying, and its flowering period is very long. It lasts for half a year and is from November to May.
Flower language
Camellia blooms in the winter and spring, with rich flowers and dignified elegance. It is one of the top ten famous flowers in China and one of the world famous flowers. Guo Moruo praised: "The tea tree is early pink, and the hundred flowers are arrogant."
Camellia has not only the arrogance of the mountain tea, but also the scent of the peony, which is rich in red flowers and deep in the Xiaoxia. It has been very famous since ancient times. The woody flower reached its peak in the Tang and Song Dynasties. It also caused a sensation after the introduction of Europe in the 17th century, and thus gained the reputation of “world famous flowerâ€.
The flower language of camellia is: ideal love, modesty. It is said that camellia is always quietly opened in the courtyard when it is slightly cooler in the late autumn. When the camellia fades, not the whole flower falls, but the petals slowly fade away, until the end of life. Such a careful and reluctant way of withering is the same as the attitude of people pursuing their ideal partners, so gradually camellia has become a spokesperson for the love of women in their hearts. In the winter when almost all the flowers are withered, the red camellia is particularly warm and business-conscious. Moreover, planting in the garden can also make people appreciate her faint floral fragrance. Therefore, camellia makes people feel lovely, modest, ideal love, cautious, great charm.
Flower Divination - You are a gentle and emotional person, and strong willpower. Your heart has a passion and desire to fall in love. However, you will not take a rush to express your confession. After you look at the target, you will pursue each other step by step, and then your inner passion will slowly induce it.
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