Source: People's Daily
Agriculture, the world's great business also.
Rural reform is the great creation of Chinese peasants under the leadership of the party. It provides an inexhaustible and powerful driving force for the development of agriculture and rural areas, and promotes the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Since the reform and opening up, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has insisted on solving the "three rural issues" as the top priority of the party's work, and continuously strengthened the policy of strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers and enriching farmers, and comprehensively We will deepen rural reform, consolidate and improve the basic rural management system, actively promote the registration and certification of contracted land, and reform the “three powersâ€, promote the reform of the rural governance system and the agricultural product circulation system, and adhere to the structural reform of the agricultural supply side. Solidly promote the rural revitalization strategy. Agricultural and rural development has made historic achievements and historic changes have taken place.
Strong agriculture - adjustment of farmers' relationship with land, liberating productivity
“Producing production to the household†is a sign of rural reform in China. The two-tier management system based on family contract management and unified integration is spurred out in the “one glimpse†of the peasants and the “test and try†of the central government. This point was unforeseen by 18 farmers who pressed the red handprints, such as Yan Junchang in Xiaogang Village.
Song Hongyuan, director of the Rural Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, felt that the family contracted the operation and allowed the farmers to gain the autonomy of production and management. The two-tier operation of unified integration has laid a solid foundation for the development of modern agriculture and the improvement of rural productivity.
"Big bags, big bags, straight to go straight without turning." "To the country, to stay in the collective, the rest are their own." Millions of farmers in the glow of food production enthusiasm, this describes the rural reforms in the ascendant.
The policy supply has given farmers a reassurance. In the central document No. 75 of 1980, from 1982 to 1986, there were five consecutive "Central No. 1 Documents". Under the premise of establishing a basic rural management system, rural reforms were gradually deepened and the vitality of reform was continuously released.
At the beginning of the rural reform, the relationship between farmers and land was the right to obtain land contractual management, thereby releasing the huge productivity of agricultural production. With the advancement of this management right, part of the rural surplus labor force has been liberated, and the moderate circulation of land has become a reality through the need for agricultural production. Cheng Xibing, a large grain-growing household in Xiaogang Village, said: "As a farmer who grows a land, I can't think of dreams. Through land transfer, I can plant 260 mu of land one day, and realize an annual income of 200,000 by farming."
Judging from the historical process of rural reform in the past 40 years, the basic rural management system has given the farmers a new relationship with the land. This relationship has made more than 1.3 billion Chinese people completely bid farewell to the long-term "expenditure economy" of agricultural products. The main contradiction of agriculture is from the total product. Insufficient quantity has turned into a structural contradiction.
Since the reform and opening up, the country's total grain output has successively reached a new level, ensuring national food security, and the problem of not eating enough has become history. In 1978, the total grain output of the country was only more than 600 billion kilograms. By 1984, it reached more than 800 billion kilograms. In the past six years, it has climbed two hundred billion kilograms. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the total grain output has stood steadily on the 1.2 trillion jins for 7 consecutive years from 2012 to 2018, indicating that China's grain production capacity is stable and the grain production base is solid.
Han Changfu, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that the adjustment of the relationship between farmers and land has brought about a new situation in the overall development of agriculture and rural areas, and the level of agricultural modernization has been upgraded as never before. The output of China's major agricultural products has leapt to the forefront of the world, and the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology progress has reached 57.5%. The main crop varieties have basically achieved full coverage, and the comprehensive mechanization level of farming and harvesting has exceeded 66%. Wheat has basically achieved mechanization. In the past, agriculture was dominated by human and animal power, and the peasants’ history of “facing the loess back to the sky†for thousands of years is becoming a history. Modern agricultural construction has realized a transformation from quantitative change to qualitative improvement.
Rural beauty - adjustment of urban and rural relations, a new look in the countryside
The magnificent rural reforms have brought about profound historical changes in the relationship between the city and the countryside.
This change first came from the transfer of rural surplus labor to the processing industry and the city. The "rural to the United States" began and took a step.
Zeng Yande, director of the Rural Industry Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that in this process, township and village enterprises have sprung up and become a new force in the development of agriculture and rural areas. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, in 1978, the output value of township enterprises accounted for less than 1/4 of the total output value of rural society. By 1987, it exceeded the total agricultural output value for the first time. Song Hongyuan said: "With the advancement of the country's reform and opening up, many of these township and village enterprises have become A-share and Hong Kong-listed companies, and they have continued to grow and develop."
This change also comes from the flow and integration of urban and rural factors, and the “rural to the United States†has become “the true beauty of the countrysideâ€.
Coordinate urban and rural development, and promote the flow of urban factors to rural areas from the supply of institutions. Sun Xuetao, secretary of the Weinan Municipal Party Committee of Gansu Province, said that it is necessary to integrate urban and rural economic and social development into the government's macro-planning, coordinate urban and rural development, promote urban-rural linkage, and achieve common prosperity.
In Huaqiao Village, Changba Town, Kang County, Gansu Province, natural oxygen bar, beautiful mountains and rivers, and comfortable farmhouses attract tourists from all over the country. Yang Mingxia, the head of the farmhouse “Huaqiao Renjiaâ€, said that with the promotion of the mobile APP platform, her farmer’s income last year was over 200,000.
Beautiful rural construction promotes the rapid flow of urban elements to the countryside. It is precisely because of the coordinated urban and rural development, industry is backing agriculture, the city supports the countryside, and the countryside is getting more beautiful. Song Hongyuan said that the state has actively promoted the construction of beautiful and livable villages and protected the ecological environment. The situation of rural dirty and messy conditions has improved significantly, and the rural living environment has improved significantly.
Traditional villages and traditional buildings are effectively protected. At present, 4,153 villages with important protection values ​​have been included in the list of traditional Chinese villages, and villages have been established to establish archives and prepare protection plans. More and more beautiful villages and towns integrating nature, leisure, culture, tourism and old-age care are under construction.
"Rural beauty is the result of institutional reform in rural areas, and it is the result of the exchange of urban and rural factors. There is still a lot of work to be done on the equal flow of urban and rural factors." Kong Xiangzhi, a professor at the School of Agriculture and Rural Development of Renmin University of China, said that the breakthrough of urban and rural areas Economic and social structure, protecting the interests of farmers, promoting the free flow of urban and rural factors and optimal allocation of resources, there are still a large number of tasks that need to be completed step by step.
Farmers are rich – their pockets are drumming, and rural people’s livelihoods have achieved new improvements.
What has brought about the adjustment of land relations and urban-rural relations? Huang Jiyu, dean of Peking University New Rural Development Research Institute, said that rural reform has increased farmers' income while promoting agricultural production growth and industrial restructuring.
Looking back on rural reform is a kind of happiness. Yu Quanhe, the old secretary of the Party branch of Changjiang Village, Jingang Town, Zhangjiagang City, Jiangsu Province, said: “The current Yangtze River Village is a famous wealthy village, but before the rural reform, we were particularly poor. Days." Li Yu, the county magistrate of Meitan County, Guizhou Province, said that the results brought about by the rural reforms have enhanced the happiness of the people in Weitan, and the farmers who have gradually become rich have created the "Ten Xie Communist Party" lanterns.
According to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, the per capita disposable income of farmers in the country was 134 in 1978. By 2017, the per capita disposable income of rural residents reached 13,432. After deducting the price factor, the actual growth rate was more than 15 times, with an average annual growth rate of 7.4%.
Huang Jiyu said that the increase in farmers' income plays an important role in poverty alleviation in rural areas. In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, the income level of rural residents in China has continued to improve, the living standards have improved significantly, the number of poor people has decreased drastically, and rural areas have gone from general poverty to overall elimination of absolute poverty.
From 1978 to 2017, the number of rural poor in China decreased by 740 million, and the annual average poverty reduction population was close to 19 million. The incidence of rural poverty fell by 94.4 percentage points, with an average annual decline of 2.4 percentage points.
China’s rural reform has achieved tremendous historical achievements, but the task of reform remains arduous. In accordance with the overall requirements for deepening rural reform, speeding up, and integration, according to the unified arrangements of the central government, a series of rural reforms such as rural land system reform, rural collective property rights system reform, and collective forest tenure system reform are progressing steadily and steadily. Han Changfu said that by 2020, a well-off society will be built in an all-round way. The most prominent shortcomings in the "three rural areas" must win the fight against poverty, steadily push forward the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, accelerate the development of agriculture and rural areas, and let the peasants join the people of the country. A comprehensive well-off society.
Editor in charge: Cao Yu
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